利用玉米秸秆制备人参生物有机肥

Ginseng Bio-organic Fertilizer With Corn Straw

为提高人参产量,实现人参的绿色生态栽培。采用正交试验法,将兼具防病促生效果的人参生防细菌SZ-4与玉米秸秆堆肥结合,进行二次固体发酵条件优化,研制生物有机肥,通过盆栽试验评估其促生效果。结果表明:菌株SZ-4生物有机肥的二次固体最佳发酵条件组合为培养时间4 d,接种量10%,含水量45%,翻抛1次/48 h,培养温度32℃,尿素添加至碳氮比为15。此发酵条件下,生物有机肥含菌量可达2.011×10^(9) CFU/g。人参盆栽促生试验结果表明:生物有机肥处理组对人参的促生效果优于有机肥处理组及对照组,6~8月BIO处理根鲜重比ck处理高26.68%~51.09%,比OF处理高29.29%~66.91%,BIO处理根干重比ck处理高22.92%~42.29%,比OF处理高4.18%~33.11%。综上,优化人参专用生物有机肥的生产工艺能够提高生物有机肥的质量,经二次固体发酵得到的SZ-4生物有机肥对人参的生长具有促进作用。

In order to improve the yield of ginseng and realize the objective of green and ecological cultivation of ginseng, the orthogonal test method was used in this study. Bacillus vallismortis SZ-4 is a biocontrol bacterium of ginseng and has the effects of preventing disease and promoting the growth of ginseng. This study inoculated B. vallismortis SZ-4 into corn straw compost and developed the biological organic fertilizer of ginseng by optimizing the conditions of solid-state fermentation. The effect of growth promotion was evaluated by pot experiment. The results indicated that the optimal fermentation condition of solid-state fermentation were as follows: culture time 4 d, inoculation quantity 10%, water content 45%, tossing times 1 time/48 h, culture temperature 32 ℃, urea added to C/N 15. Under these fermentation conditions, the amount of B.vallismortis SZ-4 in the biological organic fertilizer could reach 2.011×10^(9) CFU/g. Pot experiment showed that the biological organic fertilizer treatment(BOF) had better effect on growth promotion than the organic fertilizer treatment(OF) and ck. The fresh weight of ginseng root of BIO treatment was 26.68%-51.09% higher than that of ck treatment from June to August, and 29.29%-66.91% higher than that of OF treatment. The dry weight of ginseng root of BIO treatment was 22.92%-42.29% higher than that of ck treatment, and 4.18%-33.11% higher than that of OF treatment. In summary, the optimization of solid-state fermentation of bio-organic fertilizer can improve its quality greatly, and the bio-organic fertilizer can promote the growth of ginseng.