生物有机无机复混肥肥料效应

Fertilizer Effect of Bio-organic-inorganic Compound Fertilizer

为了解决日益增长的禽畜固体排泄物带来的环境问题,以及长期施用无机肥料对土壤肥力的负面影响,将化肥、有机肥和微生物肥料的优点相结合,研制新型生物有机无机复混肥料是未来肥料的发展方向之一。以树脂包膜尿素作为载体,生物有机肥作为包衣原料,利用滚筒造粒机制备生物有机无机复混肥。采用玉米盆栽试验对生物有机无机复混肥的肥效进行研究,定期对各处理玉米的生理性状进行测定,并采集土壤样品,对各处理土壤的理化性质、微生物含量、酶活性、土壤呼吸、硝化和反硝化速率进行检测和分析。结果表明:生物有机无机复混肥处理与普通尿素处理相比,可以显著提高土壤中微生物的活性,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌含量分别提高2 855.88%、4 414.14%和1 153.16%,土壤中各种酶活性也明显提高,土壤的硝化、反硝化速率和呼吸速率有所降低,玉米增产15.41%。

In order to solve the environmental problems caused by the growing solid livestock excrement and the negative effects of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility, to combine the advantages of chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer to develop a new bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is one of the fertilizer development directions. Resin coated urea was used as a carrier and bio-organic fertilizer was used as coating material to prepare bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by using drum granulator. The fertilizer efficiency of bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer was studied by maize pot experiment. The physiological characteristics of maize were measured regularly and soil samples were collected. The physical and chemical properties, microbial content, enzyme activity, soil respiration, nitrification and denitrification rate of soil were detected and analyzed. The results showed that bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizer treatment can significantly improve soil microbial activity compared with the common urea treatment. The contents of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes increased by 2 855.88%, 4 414.14% and 1 153.16%, respectively. The various activities of enzymes in soil are also increased significantly. The rates of nitrification, denitrification and respiration in soil are decreased, and the yield of maize increases by 15.41%.