刺激响应水凝胶在药物控制释放中的应用

Application of stimuli-responsive hydrogel in controlled release of drugs

传统的给药方式具有药物使用效率低、全身毒性大的缺陷,研究开发可局部持续给药的生物材料成为了研究热点。其中,水凝胶因其独特的物理化学性质越来越引起人们的关注。水凝胶是一种柔软的3D结构材料,通过交联可形成多孔网络结构,具有可注射的性质和作为药物仓储的潜质。人体的病变部位的微环境与正常部位有着明显的差异,比如温度升高、PH值升高或者某些特异性酶的分泌增多等。而对这些外部刺激如温度、光、电磁、pH、葡萄糖或酶促环境等做出响应,从而释放出药物的水凝胶,称之为刺激响应性水凝胶或者“智能”水凝胶。刺激响应性水凝胶作为药物递送系统对生物医学具有重大意义。本文综述了在不同微环境条件下刺激响应性水凝胶的药物递送原理,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。

Traditional methods of drug delivery have the disadvantages of low efficiency and high systemic toxicity.The research and development of biomaterials that can continuously release drugs locally has become a research hotspot.Among them,hydrogels have attracted growing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties.Hydrogel is a soft 3D structural material with porous network structure through cross-linking,which is favorable for injection and drug storage.The micro-environment of the diseased region is significantly different from the normal part,such as in⁃creased temperature,pH,or secretion of certain specific enzymes.The hydrogel that releases drugs in response to these external stimuli,such as temperature,light,electromagnetic,pH,glucose,or enzymatic environment,is called a stimuli-responsive hydrogel or"smart"hydrogel.Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are of great significance for biomedicine as a drug delivery system.This article has reviewed the principles of drug delivery for stimuli-responsive hydrogels under different microenvironment conditions,and brought prospects for its future development.