论瑕疵出资股权转让的责任承担

On the Liability of Transfer of Defective Equity Contribution

出资认缴制及股权自由交易使得瑕疵股权转让客观存在,在对外责任承担上,涉及善意受让人与公司债权人之间的利益平衡,应区分受让人主观状态而异其责任承担。瑕疵股权受让人恶意时,由受让人与原股东对公司及其债务人承担连带责任。瑕疵股权受让人善意时,基于善意保护及责任自负原则,应由善意瑕疵股权受让人与原股东向公司债权人承担不真正连带责任;究因于瑕疵出资信息之隐蔽性及股权转让程序之特殊性,优先保护善意受让人之利益,其撤销权效力可及于公司,由原股东向公司承担责任。在对内责任分配上,受让人可基于股权转让协议向原股东请求承担违约责任,善意受让人可在除斥期间内行使撤销权,并要求原股东承担缔约过失责任,其追偿份额在未达成约定或约定不明确时,应综合受让人主观状态、客观对价与认缴股款比例进行确定。

The capital contribution subscription system and the free trading of shares make the transfer of defective shares exist objectively.As for the external liability,it involves the balance of interests between the bona fide assignee and the company’s creditors,the assumption of liability should distinguish the subjective state of the assignee.If the transferee of defective stock rights has bad faith,the transferee and the original shareholder shall bear joint and several liability to the company and its debtor.When the transferee of the defective stock rights is in good faith,based on the principle of good faith protection and self-responsibility,the transferee of the defective stock rights and the original shareholder should bear the false joint and several liability to the creditors of the company.Due to the concealment of defective capital contribution information and the particularity of equity transfer procedures,the priority should be given to the protection of the interests of bona fide assignees.The effect of the revocation right can extend to the company,and the original shareholders shall bear the liability to the company.In terms of internal liability distribution,the assignee may request the original shareholder to assume the liability for breach of contract based on the equity transfer agreement,and the bona fide assignee may exercise the cancellation right within the period of exclusion and require the original shareholder to assume the liability for contracting fault.When the recovery share is not agreed or the agreement is not clear,it should be determined based on the subjective state of the transferee,objective consideration and the proportion of subscribed shares.