青年施莱尔马赫对斯伯丁宗教哲学的接受

Young Shcleiermacher's Acceptance of Spalding's Philosophy of Religion

青年施莱尔马赫的《论宗教》的历史背景一直是学界研究的热点,与传统的观点不同,本文认为新义派领袖斯伯丁对《论宗教》的写作具有关键性作用。施莱尔马赫初到柏林期间即与斯伯丁建立起密切的联系,视后者为其精神导师。通过对斯伯丁于1797年完成的《宗教,一件人类的事业》与施莱尔马赫两年后完成的《论宗教》的比较,发现两部著作无论是在写作对象、写作风格,还是在关键术语方面都有惊人的相似性。更重要的是二者在两个关键主题方面具有高度的一致性。这两个主题分别是:实在是一个活生生的关联系统;宗教必然是社会性的、实证性的。前者是他们宗教观的基础,后者是其欲达成的目标。只有在斯伯丁宗教思想的背景之下,才能对《论宗教》的内容和目的获得更为准确、更接近真理性的认识。

What true context does Schleiermacher's On Religion assume has always been the research focus of the academic community.Different from the traditional view,this paper studies the key influence of Spalding who was the spirit leader of Neology on On Religion.When Schleiermacher came to Berlin in 1797,he formed the close bonds with Spalding and saw the latter as his spirit mentor.Comparing Spalding's Religion,a Human Affair(1797)with Schleiermacher's On Religion(1799),we find that they have lots of similarities in writing objects,style,and key concept.What is more important,they share two important themes.The first is their understanding of reality as a system of interdependence,and the second is the goal of community which is the inevitable result.Only in the context of Spalding can we get a true understanding of On Religion.