麦金太尔解决道德分歧的方案及其困境探究

Maclntyre’s Solution to Moral Disagreement and Its Dilemma

如何合理解决道德分歧,一直是麦金太尔美德伦理学思想的焦点。在《棘手的道德分歧》一文中,他围绕这一问题的解决进行了系统尝试。从托马斯·阿奎那的自然法传统出发,麦金太尔认为,对道德分歧的解决需要我们诉诸理性、传统和协商。在此过程中,我们所须遵守的规范恰恰是由自然法所表达的。因此,自然法及其传统和戒律将构成合理解决道德分歧的前提和基础。然而,在现代社会,麦金太尔所援引的自然法传统本身并不为所有人信服,他所诉诸的特殊主义进路不但不能解决普遍性问题,还会导致不同传统之间的道德分歧变得更加严重。因此,麦金太尔的思路难以完全解决当今社会的道德分歧问题。

How to solve the problem of moral disagreement has always been the core concern of Maclntyre’s virtue ethics.Maclntyre made a systematic attempt on how to solve the problem of moral disagreement in his article Intractable Moral Disagreements.Starting from Thomas Aquinas’natural law tradition,Maclntyre believes that the resolution of moral disagreement requires us to resort to reason,tradition,and negotiation.In this process,the norms we must abide by are precisely expressed by natural law.Therefore,natural law and its traditions and precepts will constitute the premise and basis for a reasonable solution to moral disagreement.However,in modern society,the natural law tradition cited by McIntyre itself is not convinced by everyone,and the particularism approach he resorted to not only failed to solve the problem of universality,but also caused the moral disagreement between different traditions to become more serious.Therefore,McIntyre’s thinking is difficult to completely solve the moral disagreement in today’s society.