明代贵州科举宾兴研究

The Binxing Imperial Keju Examination of the Ming Dynasty in Guizhou

作为助考行为的宾兴活动,明代贵州的相关记载不多,但从方志等文献中可梳得一二。因黔人赴乡试、会试均较遥远,加之经济滞后,贫生较多,宾兴因而具备重要意义。宾兴经费的来源主要有两方面,一是土地和各类生产资料产生的租金;二是宾兴银两所产生的利息。受助者有参加会试的新老举人、参加乡试的生员及即将入国子监读书的岁贡生等,资助额度则从人均银几两到二十余两不等。

Binxing was a predecessor of imperial Keju examination in the Ming Dynasty.There are few records regarding this exam in Guizhou's official documents,but local annals could shed light on it.According to these files,the examinees in Guizhou back to the Ming Dynasty were generally poor,and had to rely on two funding sources of Binxing,namely the rents for land and production tools and the interests derived from Binxing deposits.The beneficiaries included old and young exam attendees,and the support varied from small to big sums,depending on relevant situations.