重复起诉当事人相同要件研究——民法典时代既判力扩张理论之探讨

Same Components for Repeating Suing a Client:On the Expansion Theory of Ruling Force in the Civil Code Time

《民诉法解释》第二百四十七条规定了禁止重复起诉制度,为重复起诉设置了“后诉与前诉的当事人相同”这一主观要件。在该规则的实践应用中,自大陆法系借鉴而来的既判力扩张理论为当事人相同的理解与适用提供了大致框架。但在我国《民法典》进一步强调意思自治原则并系统调整多数主体之间复杂实体法律关系的背景下,以判决对案外人产生拘束力为内核的既判力扩张理论亟需新的证成与界定。在此过程中,不仅要基于《民法典》的原则与具体规定确定既判力扩张及于何种案外人及其理由,还应探讨既判力扩张在复杂诉讼形态中的体现,并分析其与案外人再审、第三人撤销之诉等案外人救济机制之间的关系,方才构成对重复起诉制度中当事人相同要件的完整研究。

The Civil Proceeding Law Explanations specifies avoiding repeating suing someone,and designates a subjective component,that is,"same person regarding the previous suing and subsequent actions".This regulation is a guide for legal practice with reference to the Continental Code system,particularly the expansion theory of ruling force.In China's context we should follow the Civil Code's autonomy principle,systematically adjust the relations between the majority subjects,and decide on the need of new proof and definition for the expansion theory of ruling force according to the constraints of ruling on the subjects beyond the case.In this process,we should base our work on the complex suing situation regarding the expansion of ruling force,analyze its relations with the repeated trial of beyond-case subject,and the revoking of the third party's suing and other relief mechanisms.These components are important for repeated suing of a client.