卧龙国家级自然保护区食肉动物多样性及部分物种的食性分析

The Species Diversity and Diet of Some Carnivores in Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province

2018年3月—2019年1月,在卧龙国家级自然保护区三江片区和其他3个重要区域布设120个红外相机监测点对食肉动物(Carnivora)进行调查,以了解保护区内食肉动物的物种组成与垂直分布;依据粪便采样与DNA宏条形码分析,对粪便产生者及其食物种类进行鉴定,了解重要物种的食物组成和同域分布物种间的捕食关系。结果表明:在卧龙保护区共记录到13种食肉动物,其中分布海拔跨度最高的物种为猪獾(Arctonyx collaris),其次为豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)与黄喉貂(Martes flavigula);分布海拔跨度最小的物种为小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens),其次为狼(Canis lupus)、大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)与香鼬(Mustela altaica)。从群落组成的角度来看,记录到的高山食肉动物8种,包括猪獾、石貂(Martes foina)、香鼬、黄鼬(Mustela sibirica)、雪豹(Panthera uncia)、豹猫、狼与赤狐(Vulpes vulpes);中低山食肉动物5种,包括小熊猫、大熊猫、黑熊(Ursus thibetanus)、花面狸(Paguma larvata)、黄喉貂;海拔3500 m为这2个动物群的大致分界线。在赤狐的粪便样品中共发现5个食物MOTU,主要来自鸡形目(Galliformes)、兔形目(Lagomorpha)和啮齿目(Rodentia);豹猫样品中共发现9个食物MOTU,分别属于兔形目、啮齿目、偶蹄目(Artiodactyla)、雀形目(Passeriformes)和鸡形目。初步弄清了卧龙保护区内野生食肉动物的组成、海拔分布,结果有助于保护区食肉动物的保护与监测。

From March 2018 to January 2019,we conducted an extensive camera-trapping survey at 120 camera stations in the Sanjiang area and another three core regions of Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Provinces,to investigate the species composition and vertical distribution of mammalian carnivores in the reserve.Meanwhile,we collected fresh fecal samples of carnivores in the field and conducted DNA meta-barcoding to identify the species and the food items,to determine their diet composition and the relationship with prey species.In total,we recorded 13 carnivore species in Wolong National Nature Reserve,among which the hog badger(Arctonyx collaris)is the one with the broadest elevational range,followed by leopard cats(Prionailurus bengalensis)and yellow-throated martens(Martes flavigula);red panda(Ailurus fulgens)is the one with the narrowest range,followed by wolf(Canis lupus),giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)and mountain weasel(Mustela altaica).The carnivores in Wolong National Nature Reserve formed as two distinct assemblages:an alpine community including eight species(i.e.,hog badger,beech marten Martes foina,mountain weasel,Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica,snow leopard Panthera uncia,leopard cat,wolf and red fox Vulpes vulpes),and a middle-to low-mountain community including five species(i.e.,red panda,giant panda,Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus,masked palm civet Paguma larvata and yellow-throated marten).The elevation of 3,500 m is the approximate dividing line between the two communities.Five food Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units(MOTUs),mainly from Galliformes,Lagomorpha and Rodentia,were detected in the feces of red fox,and nine food MOTUs,belonging to Lagomorpha,Rodentia,Artiodactyla,Passeriformes and Galliformes,were found in the leopard cat samples.Our results provided basic information of the species composition and distribution of carnivore species inhabiting in Wolong National Nature Reserve,and will therefore contribute to future conservation and monitoring of these species in the reserve.