秦岭南麓中、东段小型兽类多样性及分布特征

Diversity and Distribution Characteristics of Small Mammals in the Southern Slope of Middle and East Qinling Mountains

沿海拔梯度选取不同植被群落的12个样地,通过陷阱及铗日法对秦岭南麓中、东段不同群落中小型兽类物种多样性及分布进行调查,累计2968个工作日,捕获小型兽类2目6科21种,266只,平均捕获率7.11%。香农-维纳指数和均匀度指数显示,物种多样性在栎林落叶阔叶林最高,农耕带最低。秦岭中段物种多样性呈现出较为明显的中海拔分布格局,而东段的分布格局不甚明显。此外,两区域常见种存在差异,中段主要为中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)和四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes),而东段为大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)、高山姬鼠(A.chevrieri)和小纹背鼩鼱(Sorex bedfordiae)。在海拔分布上,秦岭中、东段的食虫类显著高于同域分布的啮齿类,两区域内的物种分布上下限存在显著差异。植被群落差异、人为干扰以及山体效应是影响秦岭地区小型兽类物种多样性及分布格局的重要因素。

We conducted a survey in 12 plots of different vegetation communities along the elevation gradient to examine the diversity and distribution feature of small mammals on southern slope of the middle and east Qinling Mountains.In total,266 individuals belonging to 21 species were captured in 2,968 snap-trap and live-trap nights,and during the study period,the average trap success was about 7.11%.The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index showed that the deciduous broad-leaved oak forest had the highest species diversity and the plantation that was suffered from serious human disturbance had the lowest species diversity.The species diversity presented a more obvious elevational midpoints distribution pattern in the middle while it s inconspicuous in the east.The dominant species in the middle area were different from that in the eastern:Apodemus draco,Anourosorex squamipes were the dominant species in the middle area,while Apodemus peninsulae,Apodemus chevieri,Sorex bedfordiae were the dominant species in the eastern area.As for elevation,the insectivores distributed in the middle and eastern areas were more than the rodents that were sympatric obviously;with significant difference in the bounds of species elevation distribution in the two research regions.The differences in vegetation types,human disturbance and mountain mass effect are the conceivable principal elements,which influence the diversity and distribution of small mammals.