双垂鹤鸵的人工孵化技术

Artificial Incubation Technique of the Southern Cassowary(Casuarius casuarius)

双垂鹤鸵(Casuarius casuarius)在圈养条件下自然繁殖十分困难,人工孵化更少之又少,南京红山森林动物园近几年已成功掌握双垂鹤鸵的自然繁殖技术,2019年通过3种孵化模式的对比试验,再次突破人工孵化难点,成功孵化5只幼雏,从卵的保存、孵化准备、孵化技术与经验3个方面总结了实际操作要点。结果表明:孵化温度36.1—36.3℃,相对湿度55%—65%,全程恒温恒湿,出雏率100%,孵化期46—49 d。孵化期间采取机器自动翻卵与手动翻卵相结合的翻卵方式、照卵和观察胎动相结合的验卵方式效果较好。出雏困难时人工助产可以很好地提高孵化的成功率。比较3种孵化模式发现,双垂鹤鸵在人工孵化中,对温湿度的稳定性要求极高,一些细微的变化,都会影响孵化的成功率。

It is very difficult to reproduce southern cassowary(Casuarius casuarius)naturally in captivity,and its artificial incubation is much less.In recent years,the natural reproduction technique of southern cassowary has been successfully used in Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo.In 2019,through the comparative experiment of three incubation modes,we once again broke through the difficulty of artificial incubation and successfully hatched five chicks.We summarized the practical operation technique from three aspects,including egg preservation,incubation preparation,incubation technique and experience.It is illustrated that the hatching temperature was in the range of 36.1-36.3℃and the relative humidity was from 55%-65%.At the same time,the whole process kept constant temperature and humidity,the hatching rate was 100%and the hatching period was 46-49 days.During hatching,we adopted the combination of automatic and manual egg turning.It indicated that the combination of observing the egg and fetal movement is more effective.When it is difficult to produce young,artificial-assisted birth can improve the success rate of hatching.By comparing the three incubation modes,we found that in artificial incubation,it is necessary to have stable temperature and humidity and some subtle changes may affect the hatching success.