康德“笑论”与喜剧观念的转折

Immanuel Kant on Laugh and the Turning of Concept about Comedy

从柏拉图直到霍布斯、笛卡尔,“缺陷—鄙夷”说统治着人们对笑的看法。康德从笑的对象和笑的心理进行研究,颠覆了这种学说,建立起一种前所未有的“人性—同情”说,引领了西方喜剧观念的转折,对席勒、黑格尔乃至卡西尔等人的喜剧观具有深刻的影响,为人们理解喜剧性问题提供了一个新的角度。

From Plato to Hobbes and Descartes,Defect-disdain was a dominant idea about the laugh.But Immanuel Kant dismissed the idea,and built a new idea of Human-sympathy on the basic of the dialectic in object and the indirectness in mentality of the laugh.This idea led a turning of concept about comic,and profoundly affected the views to comedy of Schiller and Hegel,which provides a new angle for people to understand the comedy problem.