全球卫生治理中临时建议制度的国际法治实现路径

The Path of the International Law Realization of the Temporary Recommendations in Global Health Governance

临时建议制度,作为世界卫生组织应对国际关注突发公共卫生事件时做出的非强制约束性建议和规则的集合,属于全球卫生治理体系下的软法规范。它凭借软法独有的时效性与灵活性,运用法治思维应对国际硬法所无法涵摄的全球卫生问题,以国家授权、道义、专业三重来源的权威性为遵行根基,以贴合卫生规律、注重多价值向度和摆脱政治影响的科学化要求提供良法保障。针对目前临时建议制度的法治程度不高,在公共卫生事件中实效有限的现实,依托软法治理理论,探索以集科学性来源说明、缔约国建议吸纳和对象范围评估于一体的科学性保障机制为核心,以临时建议失当后的补救机制为配套的国际法治路径,并在此基础上提出了推动设立首席科学家部门,促成世卫组织形成新型融资体制,强化软法遵行基础,构建多重手段补救制度的远期论。

The temporary recommendation system,as a collection of non-binding recommendations and rules made in response to Public Health Emergency of International Concern(PHEIC)by the World Health Organization(WHO),belongs to the soft law norms under the global health governance system.It relies on the unique timeliness and flexibility of soft law to deal with global health issues that cannot be covered by international hard law with rule of law thinking.It is based on the authority,the foundation of compliance,from national authorization,morality,and professionalism,and it provides guarantee of good law by the scientific requirements of conforming to the laws of hygiene,focusing on multiple values,and getting rid of political influence.With respect to the fact that the current temporary recommendation system has a low degree of rule of law and limited effectiveness in PHEIC,this essay explores a scientific guarantee mechanism that integrates scientific source descriptions,adopting the recommendations of the state parties,and the evaluation of the target range as the core,as well as the remedial mechanism after misconduct as the supporting path of the international rule of law,relying on the theory of soft law.Thus,this essay proposes to promote the establishment of a chief scientist department,to promote the formation of a new financing mechanism for WHO,to strengthen the basis of soft law compliance,and to build a multi-means remedial system from a long-term perspective.