美小型舰艇编队电磁威胁评估和电子对抗策略

Electromagnetic threat assessment and electronic countermeasures strategy for US naval fleet

为重塑大国竞争优势,夺取和保持全球主要海区控制权,美国海军在“由海向陆”向“重返制海”的战略转型中,提出了旨在分散对手火力密度、提高对手决策难度的“分布式杀伤”概念。在此概念下,海上小型舰艇编队成为美国及其盟国海军显示前沿存在、争夺海权的重要力量。准确分析和把握美军运用海上小型舰艇编队的政治和军事企图,分析其基本组成、作战任务及主要运用方式对军队来说具有一定的现实意义。本文从“侦”“攻”“防”三个方面简要分析了美军海上小型舰艇编队的电子对抗能力,结合当前海上斗争形势评估了美军海上小型舰艇编队的电磁威胁,并从技术发展、体系建设和理念创新等方面提出军队未来的电子对抗策略。

To reshape its competitive advantages,the US Navy has spared no effort in seizing and maintaining control of major sea areas in the world.During the strategic transition from“sea to land”to a“return to sea control,”the US Navy proposed the concept of“distributed lethality”to disperse the density of firepower of opponents and increase the difficulty of their decision-making.According to this concept,a small naval fleet has become an important force for the US Navy and the US Allied Navy to show their forward presence and fight for sea power.As the main competitor of the US in the Asia-Pacific region,the Military needs to accurately analyze and grasp these attempts at political and military supremacy by the US military through its use of small naval fleets as well as their basic composition,tasks,and methods.This study briefly analyzes the electronic countermeasures capabilities of such small fleets,and assesses the electromagnetic threat posed by them from the perspectives of reconnaissance,offense,and defense in light of the current situation in international waters.It then proposes electronic countermeasures in terms of technological development,system construction,and concept innovation.