中日纺织神话与传说的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Textile Myths and Legends

[研究方法]针对中日纺织神话与传说的比较问题,运用文献研究法,得到相同的纺织神话原型基础上,由于文化意识上的差异会导致民间传说上出现较大区别。[研究结果与结论]研究表明:(1)中日两国"夫权"意识出现时间上的巨大差异导致《牛郎织女》神话在中国从道德说教型向异类妻子型转变,而日本《星星的恋人》则保留着原型神话道德说教的鲜明特性,而《仙人妻子》则带有明显的"羽衣仙女"的特征,并且很可能是从中国《牛郎织女》民间传说获得原型;(2)日本的织女祭仪式是在中国乞巧仪式的基础融合日本本土"棚机津女"而形成;(3)异类婚姻中,由于文化上的差异,导致纺织神话传说在中国更多地体现了民间情感的宣泄,追求幸福的渴望,日本则更多的是淡然理性地接受现实的思想,将女性形象作为表现自我的方式的一种反映。

Aiming at the comparison between Chinese and Japanese textile myths and legends,based on the use of literature research methods to obtain the same prototype of textile myths,the differences in cultural consciousness will lead to larger differences in folklore.Studies have shown that:(1)The huge difference in the time when the consciousness of"husband power"appeared between China and Japan led to the transformation of the"the Cowherd and the Weaving Maid"mythology in China from a moral preaching type to a heterogeneous wife type,while the Japanese"Lover of the Stars"retains the archetypal mythical moral preaching Distinctive characteristics,while"Fairy Wife"has obvious characteristics of"Swan-Maiden",and is likely to be based on the Chinese folklore of"the Cowherd and the Weaving Maid";(2)The weaver maid sacrifice ceremony in Japan is based on the Chinese begging for clever rituals and is integrated with Japan"Pengjijin women"are formed;(3)In heterogeneous marriages,cultural differences have led to textile myths and legends in China that more embodies the catharsis of folk emotions and the desire to pursue happiness,while Japan is more indifferent and rational.Accept the thought of reality and regard the female image as a reflection of the way of expressing oneself.