2020年广州市荔湾区健康人群麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测分析

Surveillance and analysis of measles, rubella and varicella IgG antibody levels in healthy people in Liwan District, Guangzhou City in 2020

目的了解广州市荔湾区2020年健康人群的麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平,为本地制定免疫规划策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法确定被调查对象,采集血液标本共238份,进行麻疹、风疹和水痘的IgG抗体水平监测并进行分析。结果 ELISA检测血清样本共238份,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率分别为97.06%、92.02%和79.41%,抗体几何平均浓度(geometric mean concentration, GMC)分别为1 204.65、43.38和290.38 mIU/mL。男女性别比为1.02∶1,麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。>2~4岁组麻疹IgG阳性率最低,不同年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=48.158,P<0.05);0~1岁组的风疹IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=36.980,P<0.05);0~1岁组水痘IgG抗体阳性率非常低,不同年龄组抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.832,P<0.05)。接种麻疹疫苗≥2剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率为95.10%,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.448,P>0.05);接种风疹疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,不同免疫史差异无统计学意义(P=0.020,P>0.05);接种水痘减毒活疫苗0剂次的人群IgG抗体阳性率最低,接种2剂次的阳性率最高,不同免疫史差异有统计学意义(P=0.010,P<0.05)。结论本区麻疹、风疹IgG抗体均维持在较高水平并有所提高;水痘IgG抗体水平较低,存在暴发、流行的可能。应加强麻疹、风疹免疫接种和查漏补种工作;有针对性地宣传水痘减毒活疫苗并推广接种;还须积极开展麻疹、风疹和水痘IgG抗体水平监测。

Objective To understand the IgG antibody levels of measles, rubella and varicella among healthy people in Liwan District of Guangzhou in 2020;and moreover to provide scientific basis for the formulation of local immunization planning strategy. Methods A total of 238 blood samples were collected to monitor and analyze the IgG antibody levels of measles, rubella and varicella of the sample groups. Results The positive rates of measles, rubella and varicella IgG antibody were 97.06%, 92.02% and 79.41%, respectively, and the geometric mean concentration(GMC) of which were 1 204.65, 43.38 and 290.38 mIU/mL, respectively. The ratio of male to female was 1.02∶1, and there was no significant difference in IgG antibody positive rates of measles, rubella and varicella samples(P>0.05). The positive rate of measles IgG antibody was the lowest in >2 to 4 years old group, and the difference was statistically significant among different age groups(χ^(2)=48.158, P<0.05). The positive rate of rubella IgG antibody was the lowest in 0-1-year-old group, and the positive rate of rubella IgG antibody in different age groups was statistically different(χ^(2)=36.980, P<0.05). The positive rate of varicella IgG antibody in the 0-1-year-old group was quite low, and the difference of the positive rate in different age groups was statistically significant(χ^(2)=30.832, P<0.05). The positive rate of IgG antibody was 95.10% in the group receiving ≥2 doses of measles vaccine, and there was no significant difference in groups of different immune history(P=0.448, P>0.05). The positive rate of IgG antibody was the lowest in the group receiving 0 doses of rubella vaccine, and there was no significant difference among groups of different immune history(P=0.020, P>0.05). The IgG antibody positive rate was the lowest in the group inoculated with 0 doses of live attenuated varicella vaccine, and the highest in the group inoculated with 2 doses. There was statistical significance in different immune history(P=0.010, P<0.05). Conclusion Measles and rubella IgG antibodies of people in Liwan District maintain at a comparative high level and witness an increase;whereas varicella IgG antibody level is low and therefore there is possibility of an epidemic outbreak. Measles and rubella immunization should be strengthened, and the leakage and reseed be checked. A focused vaccine awareness education of live attenuated varicella vaccine and promotion of vaccination should be made in place in the meanwhile of an active monitoring of measles, rubella and chicken pox IgG antibody levels.