冠状病毒对天然免疫的抑制作用

Innate immune suppression mechanism in corona virus disease

由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2)引起的新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19),至今仍在全球范围内流行。21世纪以来,数次冠状病毒感染疫情促使人类更加重视冠状病毒,尤其是COVID-19疫情的暴发与大流行,更将新冠病毒提升为全球的研究重点。免疫反应与病毒的感染、清除以及病理损伤等密切相关。天然免疫是机体防御体系的重要组成部分和首道防线,在病毒感染早期对于抑制病毒的复制和扩散具有至关重要的作用,并且在获得性免疫的启动及后续的发展中也发挥着关键的调控功能。研究表明,免疫逃逸是冠状病毒的重要致病机制,冠状病毒能够通过多种方式抑制宿主的天然免疫应答。现对SARS-CoV-2等主要的冠状病毒抑制天然免疫的分子机制作一概述,以期为抗冠状病毒感染的疫苗及治疗性药物的研发提供帮助。

The new type of coronavirus pneumonia(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still circulating globally. Since 21 st century, several coronavirus infections have gotten more attention and the outbreak of COVID-19 has promoted the coronavirus to a global research focus. Immune response is closely related to virus infection, clearance and pathological damage. As an important part and the first line of the body’s defense system, innate immunity plays a vital role in inhibiting virus replication and spread in the early stage of virus invasion, and also functions as a key regulator in the initiation and subsequent development of adaptive immunity. Studies have confirmed that coronavirus can suppress the effects of innate immunity through different strategies. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 and other major coronaviruses that inhibit innate immunity, with a view to providing help for the development of vaccines and therapeutic drugs against corona viruses.