不同表面活性剂对单相微乳液特性的影响

Impact of different surfactants on characteristics of single-phase microemulsions

表面活性剂是影响微乳液特性的关键因素之一。本文选取聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(Tween 80)、烷基糖苷1214(APG 1214)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和95%纯度鼠李糖脂(R-95%)这6种表面活性剂,通过对其乳化性能和临界胶束浓度进行筛选,结合其形成微乳液的拟三元相图、粒径分布和界面张力分析其特性,并提出微乳液增溶油能力和增溶油成本。研究表明:APG 1214、SDBS、Tween 80乳化性能好、临界胶束浓度低具有更易形成微乳液的优势;5种表面活性剂(Tween 80、SDBS、APG 1214、SDS、AES)均可与正丁醇、水和3号白油自发形成单相微乳液,单相区面积大小为AES型>SDS型>APG 1214型>Tween 80型>SDBS型,最大增溶油能力大小为SDS型>AES型>APG 1214型>Tween 80型>SDBS型,最低增溶油成本大小为AES型<SDS型<SDBS型<APG 1214型<Tween 80型。SDS型和AES型微乳液在表面活性剂+助表面活性剂与水的比例分别为(6∶4)~(7∶3)和(7∶3)~(8∶2)时,形成微乳液的增溶油能力强和增溶油成本低,是较好的油类清洗应用参考配方范围。

The surfactant is one of the key factors that affecting the characteristics of microemulsions.Polysorbate 80(Tween 80),alkyl polyglycoside 1214(APG 1214),sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS),sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate(AES),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and rhamnolipid of 95%purity(R-95%)were selected for emulsification property and critical micelle concentration analysis.The capacities and cost of oil solubilization of microemulsions were proposed by analyzing the pseudoternary phase diagrams,particle size distribution and interfacial tension.The results showed that APG 1214,SDBS and Tween 80 were easier to form microemulsions because of their better emulsification properties and lower critical micelle concentrations.A single-phase microemulsion can spontaneously formed by five􀤕surfactants(Tween 80,SDBS,APG 1214,SDS,AES),n-butyl alcohol,water and 3#white oil.The area of single-phase microemulsion were showed as AES type>SDS type>APG 1214 type>Tween 80 type>SDBS type.The maximum capacities of oil solubilization were showed as SDS type>AES type>APG 1214 type>Tween 80 type>SDBS type.The minimum cost of oil solubilization were showed as AES type<SDS microemulsion<SDBS type<APG 1214 type<Tween 80 type.The ratio ranges of surfactant+co-surfactant to water in SDS and AES microemulsions which have better capacities and lower cost of oil solubilization were(6∶4)—(7∶3)and(7∶3)—(8∶2)respectively which were appropriate for oil cleaning applications.