2016-2020年南宁铁路局企业污水水质监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of sewage water quality in Nanning Railway Bureau enterprises from 2016-2020

目的分析2016-2020年中国铁路南宁局集团有限公司(以下称南宁铁路局)企业污水水质情况,为环保设施的改进及相关环保政策的制定提供参考依据。方法收集2016-2020年南宁铁路局企业所有污水处理站采样监测结果,并对数据进行分析。结果 2016-2020年南宁铁路局企业污水排放总合格率为80.7%(其中回用水合格率为70.0%,外排污水合格率为86.3%,直管监测合格率为82.1%,专项监测合格率为59.4%),不同年份合格率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.498,P<0.05),以2020年合格率最低;不同类型污水合格率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以动车类、回用水类合格率最低;不同采样时间(以季度划分)合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.950,P>0.05);回用水和外排污水总合格率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.906,P<0.05),外排污水合格率明显高于回用水;不合格指标构成比中总大肠菌群和氨氮最高,分别为47.7%和28.0%。结论 2016-2020年南宁铁路局企业污水排放总合格率相对较低,总大肠菌群和氨氮是水质不合格的主要因素,企业应加强环保监管,及时更换设备和加强人员技术培训,提高污水合格率。

Objective To analyze the sewage water quality in enterprises of China Railway Nanning Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.(Nanning Railway Bureau) from 2016-2020,provide reference for the improvement of environmental protection facilities and the formulation of relevant environmental protection policies. Methods The sampling and monitoring results of all sewage treatment stations of Nanning Railway Bureau enterprises from 2016-2020 were collected,and the data were analyzed. Results From 2016 to2020,the total qualified rate of sewage discharge of Nanning Railway Bureau enterprises was 80.7%(including 70.0% of recycled water,86.3% of discharged sewage,82.1% of straight pipe monitoring and 59.4% of special monitoring). There was statistically significant difference in the qualified rate of different years (χ^(2)=26.498,P<0.05),with the lowest qualified rate in 2020. There was statistically significant difference in the qualified rate among different types of sewage(P<0.05),and the qualified rates of bullet train and recycled water were the lowest. There was no statistically significant difference in the qualified rate among different sampling time(divided by quarter)(χ^(2)=1.950,P>0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the qualified rate between recycled water and discharged sewage(χ^(2)=18.906,P<0.05),and the qualified rate of discharged sewage was higher than that of recycled water. The total coliform group and ammonia nitrogen were the highest,47.7% and 28.0%,respectively. In the unqualified indexes,the composition ratios of total coliform group and ammonia nitrogen were the highest,which was 47.7% and 28.0%respectively. Conclusion The total qualified rate of sewage discharge in Nanning Railway Bureau enterprises from 2016-2020 is relatively low,and total coliform group and ammonia nitrogen are the main unqualified indexes. Enterprises should strengthen environmental protection supervision,timely update or transform equipment and strengthen technical training of personnel,so as to improve the qualified rate of sewage.