上海市金山区儿童青少年家庭近视防控现况调查

Current situation investigation on family prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents in Jinshan District of Shanghai

目的了解上海市金山区家庭在儿童青少年近视防控方面的现况,为综合防控儿童青少年近视提供参考依据。方法 2019年12月,从上海市金山区抽取12所学校,涵盖幼儿园、小学到高中,邀请全部学生家长参与问卷调查。调查内容主要包括家长及孩子基本情况(性别、年龄、是否近视等)、户外活动和锻炼、电子产品使用、学习负担、用眼行为及睡眠达标6个方面。运用统计软件Stata 13.0进行分析,主要包括一般描述性分析、方差分析和χ^(2)检验。结果回收有效问卷7 106份,家长自报孩子近视率为27.91%,与专业监测误差率为42.76%。5个方面的"行为要求"主要结果为每日接触户外光照时间>60 min的孩子比例为67.46%,经常体育锻炼的比例为55.76%;>60%的学生电子产品单次用时和累计用时超标,>55%的学生用眼休息不达标;44.37%的学生有课外学习负担,日均耗时70.14 min,课内学习负担日均耗时约90 min。约40%的学生有不良用眼习惯,其中"卧床时看书或使用电子产品"比例最高达68%,仅有20.39%的学生能同时保持正确的读写姿势,近80%的学生有过单次持续用眼时间超标。各年龄段学生平均睡眠时间均不达标,上学期间睡眠时间达标的学生仅占21.56%。结论上海市金山区儿童青少年家庭用眼现况不容乐观,电子产品使用过度、户外活动和体育锻炼不足、学习负担过重、用眼不卫生或睡眠不足等问题同时存在,且部分家长对孩子近视防控重视不够,严重危害儿童青少年视觉健康。家庭方面应切实履行"责任区"义务,在儿童青少年近视防控方面发挥积极的作用。

Objective To understand the current situation of family prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents in Jinshan District of Shanghai,provide reference and basis for comprehensive prevention and control of children and adolescents myopia. Methods A total of 12 schools,including kindergartens,primary schools and senior high schools,were selected from the Jinshan District of Shanghai in December 2019,and all parents of students were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey. The contents of the survey mainly included the basic information of parents and children(gender,age,myopia),outdoor activities and exercises,use of electronic products,learning burden,eye use behavior,and sleep status. Statistical software Stata 13.0 was used for analysis,mainly including general descriptive analysis,variance analysis and χ2 test. Results Totally 7 106 valid questionnaires were collected. The rate of myopia reported by parents was 36.81%,and the error rate with the professional monitoring was 29.07%. The main results of the five aspects of "behavior requirements" were as follows: 67.46% of the children exposed to outdoor light for more than 60 minutes a day,55.76% of them took regular physical exercise,more than60% of the students had the electronic products usage time exceeded the standard in single time and cumulative time,more than55% of the students did not reach the standard of eye rest,and 44.37% of the students had extra-curricular learning burden,which took 70.14 minutes per day and other 90 minutes in class. About 40% of the students had bad habits of using their eyes,among them,68% of them read books or use electronic products while lying in bed. Only 20.39% of the students could maintain the correct reading and writing posture at the same time. Nearly 80% of the students had a single continuous eye use time exceeding the standard. The average sleep time of students of all age groups were not up to the standard,and only 21.56% of the students reached the standard during school time. Conclusion The current situation of eye use at home among children and adolescents is not optimistic in Jinshan District of Shanghai. Excessive use of electronic products,insufficient outdoor activities and physical exercise,heavy learning burden,unsanitary eye use and insufficient sleep exist at the same time. Some parents do not pay enough attention to the prevention and control of children’s myopia,which seriously endanger the visual health of children and adolescents. The family should fulfill the obligation of "responsibility area" and play an active role in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.