《金匮要略》中甘草炮制的文献考证

Textual Research on Processing of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber

《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》收录《金匮要略》所载方剂14首,其中6首含有甘草,包括桂枝芍药知母汤、苓桂术甘汤、橘皮竹茹汤、麦门冬汤、甘姜苓术汤、厚朴七物汤。这6首方剂中的甘草均无炮制要求。为明确这6首方剂的甘草炮制,通过《金匮要略》通行本与吴迁本甘草炮制的对照,《金匮要略》与《伤寒论》甘草炮制的对照,《伤寒杂病论》主要传本甘草炮制的分析,梳理两晋至宋元医书转载的上述6首方剂中甘草的炮制情况,以及汉至宋元时期的甘草炮制沿革,从文献考证的角度推断出这6首经典名方所用甘草炮制法为“炙”。继而回顾炙法历史,阐明“炙”为直火烘烤,接近2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》之单炒(清炒)法,建议上述6首方剂均使用炒甘草。该文可为《金匮要略》经典名方的其他关键信息考证提供思路与方法。

There are 14 formulas from Synopsis of the Golden Chamber(《金匮要略》)in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas(the First Batch),6 of them contain Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,including Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimutang,Linggui Zhugantang,Jupi Zhurutang,Maimendong Tang,Ganjiang Lingzhutang,Houpo Qiwutang.Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the 6 above-mentioned formulas has no processing requirements.In order to clarify the processing of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in these formulas,this article compared related records in the popular vesion of Synopsis of the Golden Chamber with its most rare version(WU Qian's version),compared related records in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber with Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases(《伤寒论》),and investigated processing of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in the main edition of Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(《伤寒杂病论》).We also summarized the records of 6 above-mentioned formulas in medical books from Western Jin to Yuan dynasties,and the processing evolution of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma from Han to Yuan dynasties.The processing method of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma in 6 above-mentioned formulas was broiling.Then,the history of broiling method is reviewed,and it is clarified that broiling is a direct toasting without auxiliary materials,which is close to the stir-frying recorded in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.It is suggested to use stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma for the 6 above-mentioned formulas,which can provide ideas and methods for the research of other key information of famous classical formulas in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber.