阿尔茨海默症生物标志物在脑脊液和血液中的研究

Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease in cerebrospinal fluid and blood

阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病。因为疾病本身很难被治愈,因此早期预测诊断对AD的防治尤为重要。目前,痴呆前期AD的主要诊断方法是脑脊液生物标志物的检测和正电子发射式计算机断层扫描(PET),但是这两种诊断方法侵入性强,价格昂贵,不容易普及。而对血液中的AD相关标志物进行检测,可以使AD的诊断更为普及且更为方便。该文总结了目前AD主要的几种生物标志物,概述了它们在AD患者和正常个体脑脊液和血液中的变化,最后也讨论和分析了未来AD生物标志物在血液检测中可能遇到的挑战。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a common neurodegenerative disease,which is difficult to cure.Therefore,early diagnosis is pivotal in the prevention and treatment of AD.At present,the main diagnostic methods for early diagnosis of AD are the detection of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and positron emission computed tomography(PET),but they are highly invasive,expensive and not easy to promote.While,blood testing for early diagnosis of AD can solve these problems.In this review,we summarize the main representatives of current AD biomarkers,outline their changes in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of AD patients and normal individuals,and finally discuss and analyze the possible challenges in future AD blood testing.