12个主产区历史小麦品种抗叶锈病基因分析

Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Analysis of 12 Wheat Cultivars in Main Producing Areas

近年来,小麦叶锈病发生有加重趋势,培育抗病品种是减轻小麦叶锈病危害的环保有效途径。用12个小麦品种及35个含已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品系在苗期接种19个不同毒性的叶锈菌生理小种,通过基因推导和系谱分析发掘待测品种中的抗叶锈病基因,并通过分子标记检测进一步验证;在田间接种强毒性混合生理小种,进行成株期病情严重度与普遍率调查,筛选慢锈性品种。结果表明,在石新828、百农3217、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共9个品种中检测到Lr1、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37和Lr46共5个抗叶锈病基因,其中部分品种中发现多个抗性基因。成株期筛选出百农3217、平阳27、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、碧蚂4号、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共10个慢叶锈性品种,其中碧蚂4号和小偃6号等品种是我国小麦育种的骨干亲本,探究这些品种中的抗病基因对培育小麦抗叶锈病品种具有重要意义。

In recent years, wheat leaf rust has a tendency of aggravation, breeding resistant varieties is the most environmental friendly and effective way to reduce the harm of wheat leaf rust. Twelve wheat varieties and 35 donor lines were inoculated with 19 Chinese pathotypes of Puccinia triticina for leaf rust at seedling stage, and the rust resistance genes in the varieties to be tested were explored through gene derivation and genealogy analysis, and further verified by molecular marker detection. The severity and prevalence rates of wheat were investigated by inoculation of virulent rusts mixed with physiological small species at the stage of plant growth, and selected the slow rust varieties. The results showed that Lr1, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37 and Lr46 were detected in nine varieties of Shixin 828, Bainong 3217, Ji’nan 2, Taishan 1, Shite 14, Jinmai 2148, Yannong 15, Xiaoyan 6, Wenmai 6, among which several resistance genes were found in some varieties. Some of these varieties also contained multiple resistance genes and ten slow rust resistant varieties were selected from the identification of wheat rust-resistant leaves at the mature stage, including Bainong 3217, Pingyang 27, Ji’nan 2, Taishan 1, Shite 14, Jinmai 2148, Bima 4, Yannong 15, Xiaoyan 6, Wenmai 6, a total of ten slow rust peasant wheat varieties and Bima 4 and Xiaoyan 6 were the backbone parents of wheat breeding. It is still important to explore the resistance genes of these varieties for breeding new wheat varieties resistant to leaf rust.