贵州新老两代糯高粱品种(系)干物质及氮素积累转运差异分析

Difference Analysis of Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and Translocation of Waxy Sorghum Applied in Different Eras in Guizhou Province

以贵州省新老两代酒用糯高粱品种(系)为研究对象,采用随机区组设计,对其产量、干物质及氮素积累转运进行分析,结果表明,随着年代更替,贵州省酒用糯高粱产量、干物质和氮素积累总量逐步提高,新品种较老品系2年平均分别增加25.5%、23.4%和35.2%;新品种花后干物质和氮素积累占比平均分别为32.6%和31.2%,显著高于老品系;新品种花后干物质和氮素积累对籽粒产量的贡献平均分别为65.2%和49.6%,较老品系分别提高10.2%和12.2%;新品种的干物质、氮素转运量分别较老品系增加12.1%和32.5%,其中新品种的叶干物质和氮素转运量对籽粒的贡献分别较老品系提高3.0%和4.1%。同时贵州糯高粱花后干物质、氮素积累量和转运量与产量之间存在显著正相关关系。综上所述,花后氮素积累与转运能力的增强促成了干物质积累量的增加,从而提升了贵州糯高粱新品种的产量。

The new and old waxy sorghum varieties(lines) in Guizhou province were used as the research materials to analyze the yield, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and translocation by random block test design. The results showed that the yield, dry matter, and nitrogen accumulation of the new varieties increased by 25.5%, 23.4%, and 35.2%, respectively, compared with the old lines. Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of new varieties post-flowering accounted for 32.6% and 31.2%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of old lines. The contribution of post-flowering dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of new varieties to grain yield was 65.2% and 49.6%, which were 10.2% and 12.2% higher than that of the old lines, respectively. The dry matter and nitrogen translocation of new varieties increased by 12.1% and 32.5%, respectively, compared with the old lines and the contribution of dry matter and nitrogen translocation in the leaves of the new varieties to grain increased 3.0% and 4.1%, respectively. At the same time, there were significant positive correlations between the dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and translocation with yield. In conclusion, the enhancement of nitrogen accumulation and translocation capacity post-flowering promoted the increase of total dry matter accumulation which led to the increase of yield of new varieties.