维柯《新科学》中语言演化观之于汉字发展的应用

Application of Vico's Language Evolutionary View onto Chinese Characters

针对国内关于维柯语言学研究中重共时而轻历时的问题,首先梳理介绍维柯《新科学》中的三分法语言演化观,其次将之应用到汉字的发展过程中。二者可以结合的动因被归结于人们“以己度物”的隐喻观和各民族共享的“心头语言”。另外对于汉字一脉相承的传承特点,认为其产生原因在于中华文明在历史发展过程中所保留的独立完整性,同时在该过程中,汉字字形的拓展也起到了助推作用。本文一方面论证了维柯三分法语言演化观的普适性,一方面为汉字的发展路径提供了理论支持,是维柯的语言观和汉字演化发展的有机结合。

Previous domestic researches on Vico's language thoughts focus more on the synchronic level but less on the diachronic level.In order to cover that shortage we applied Vico's language evolutionary view to the development of Chinese character on the basis of introduction to his trichotomy language evolution theory illustrated in New Science.The feasibility of that application was attributed to the embodiment metaphor as well as the mental dictionary/language shared by all nations.Moreover,we explained that the integrity of Chinese civilization along with the expansion of Chinese character patterns have guaranteed the complete inheritance of Chinese language.This study on the one hand proves the universality of Vico's thrichotomy language evolutionary view,and on the other hand provides the theoretical explanation for the development of Chinese character,therefore it is a combination of Vico's language diachronic view and the evolution of Chinese character with them supporting each other.