人力资本密度对我国区域创新的影响——基于我国省级数据的实证分析

The Impact of Human Capital Density on Regional Innovation——An Empirical Analysis based on Provincial Data in China

集聚理论认为,人力资本在空间和就业人口上的密集程度会影响其作用的发挥。然而,当前关于人力资本密度特别是纳入空间因素的人力资本密度对创新影响的实证研究非常有限,基于中国数据的分析更是少见。为构建人力资本密度新内涵,实证检验其对创新的影响及区域差异,基于2003—2019年我国省级数据,以单位行政区划面积和就业人口总量为密度单位,构建包含地理空间密度和人口结构密度两个指标的人力资本密度变量,使用创新模型和两阶段最小二乘法进行实证分析。研究发现,整体看,人力资本密度两个指标对我国创新产出均具有显著正向影响,提高人力资本密度有助于推动区域创新发展。分地区看,人力资本地理空间密度对东部和西部地区的创新产出具有正向显著影响,但对中部地区具有负向显著影响;人力资本人口结构密度对东部地区创新产出具有正向促进作用,但对西部地区具有显著抑制作用,对中部地区没有显著影响。因此,为更好地推动人力资本集聚与区域创新,一要在继续扩大人力资本规模的同时,重视人力资本质量提升,加强对创新型人力资本的培养;二要深化人才管理体制机制改革,激发人才创新活力;三要发掘区域发展政策红利,结合地区发展特色与所处阶段,制定配套的人才发展与集聚政策;四要充分发挥东部地区人才和创新优势,推动其在重点领域、核心技术等方面的创新和引领作用。

Agglomeration theory holds that the density of human capital in space and employed population will affect its role. However,the current empirical research on the impact of human capital density,especially the human capital density with spatial factors,on innovation is very limited,and the literature based on Chinese data is rare. To construct a new concept of human capital density and empirically tested its impact on innovation and regional differences,based on China’s provincial data from 2003 to 2019,the authors take the area of administrative divisions and the number of employed population as density units,construct human capital density variables including two indicators of spatial density and population structure density,and carry out an empirical analysis with the help of knowledge production model and two stage least square method. It is found that,on the whole,the two indicators of human capital density have a significant positive impact on China’s innovation;and improving human capital density will help to promote the development of regional innovation. By region,the geographical spatial density of human capital has a positive and significant effect on regional innovation in the eastern and western regions,but it has a negative and significant effect in the central region;and human capital population structure density has a positive role in promoting innovation in the eastern region,but it has a significant inhibitory effect in the western region,and has no significant impact on innovation in the central region. To promote human capital agglomeration and regional innovation,first,we should continue to increase the stock of human capital,improve quality and cultivate the innovative human capital;second,we should deeply reform talent management system and mechanism and stimulate talent innovation vitality;third,we should tap the dividends of regional development policies and formulate supporting policies for talent development and agglomeration in combination with regional development characteristics and stages;and fourth,we should give full play to the talent and innovation advantages of the eastern region and promote its innovation and leading role in key areas and core technologies.