做好“减法”:节粮减损的研究现状与展望

Subtracting well:the current situation and prospects of research on food saving and loss reduction

中国始终对粮食安全给予高度重视,在粮食生产上取得了“十七连丰”的佳绩。增产固然重要,但减损仍不容忽视。当前,中国节粮减损具有较大的潜力和资源环境效应,能够缓解粮食刚性需求的不断扩大。减少粮食损失和浪费,能够为本国及全球的粮食安全贡献更大力量。粮食损失更多发生于供应链的早期阶段,相较于发达国家,中国三大主粮的产后损失率仍处于较高水平,收获特征因素、生产特征因素、机械类因素、农户特征因素对粮食损失有着重要影响;粮食浪费发生在供应链的各个环节,消费环节尤为突出,中国的粮食浪费数量约占全球粮食浪费总量的10%,消费者个人及家庭特征是影响粮食浪费行为与浪费强度的重要因素。构建系统高效的集生产、仓储、物流、加工、贸易于一体的粮食全产业链发展模式,有助于减少粮食损失;政府、社会、消费者等多主体协同发挥作用有助于减少粮食浪费。未来,应对粮食产后损失监测系统网络和数据库的建设、食物浪费及其对资源环境影响、建立新型粮食风险防范体系等予以更多的关注和研究。

China has always attached great importance to the issue of food security,and has achieved“17 consecutive bumper cereal production”.While increasing production is important,reducing losses should not be ignored.At present,China’s food saving and loss reduction has a large potential and resource and environmental effect,and can alleviate the expanding rigid demand for food.Reducing food losses and waste can contribute more to national and global food security.Food losses occur more often in the early stages of the supply chain,and the post-production loss rates of China’s three major food staples are still at a high level compared to those of developed countries,with harvest characteristics,production characteristics,machinery and farmer characteristics having a significant impact on food losses.China’s food waste accounts for about 10%of global food waste,and the personal and household characteristics of consumers are important factors influencing food waste behavior and waste intensity.Building a systematic and efficient development model of the whole grain industry chain integrating production,storage,logistics,processing,and trade can help reduce grain loss;multiple actors such as government,society,and consumers should work together to help reduce grain waste.In the future,more attention and research should be paid to the construction of post-production loss monitoring system network and database,food waste and its impact on resources and environment,and the establishment of a new food risk prevention system.