为什么历史上经营式农业不发展:以无锡为案例

Why did management agriculture not develop in history:An analysis of Wuxi as a case

本文基于第一、二次对"无锡、保定农村调查"的资料,分析说明了无锡农村经营式农业的日渐式微,并从出租农地与雇工经营的收益方程、较高工商业发展水平导致的机会成本增加,以及家庭小农场的竞争三个方面分析了经营式农业不发展的原因。我们认为,主要是当地较高但又不足够高的工商业发展水平导致了经营式农业难以发展。较高的工商业发展水平意味着发展经营式农业的高运营成本和高机会成本。不足够高又使得非农产业的需求与人数众多的农业过剩劳动力不相匹配,从而造成了家庭小农场和经营式农场之间的激烈对抗。我们也认为,中国未来的农业农村现代化道路可能会依然呈现出复杂性和特殊性,家庭小农场扮演的角色可能仍然不容忽视。

Based on the first and second rural surveys in Wuxi and Baoding,this paper explains the decline of rural management agriculture in Wuxi,and analyzes the reasons for the non-development of management agriculture from three aspects:the income equation of renting farmland and employing workers,the increase of opportunity cost caused by higher industrial and commercial development level,and the competition of small family farms.In our opinion,the local high but not high enough level of industrial and commercial development leads to the difficulty of developing management agriculture.Higher industrial and commercial development level means high operating costs and high opportunity costs for developing management agriculture.Not high enough makes the demand of non-agricultural industries not match with the large number of agricultural surplus labor,which leads to fierce confrontation between small family farms and operating farms.We also believe that China’s future agricultural and rural modernization road may still present complexity and particularity,and the role played by small family farms may still not be ignored.