秩序与自由:刑法立法到修正中的法益价值衡量

Order and Freedom:Two Legal Benefit Values in Legislation and Amendment of Criminal Law

我国刑法从立法到修正并不是一个单线性过程,而是两种不同法益价值相互穿插、相互影响、相互博弈的双线性过程。刑法修正正是在秩序与自由这两种法益价值之间穿梭进行,其问题的核心是如何平衡刑法的秩序保护价值与人权保障价值。秩序与自由这两种法益价值本就处于一种天然不平衡的状态,步入刑事立法活性化时代的风险社会,刑法工具主义色彩浓厚,更加剧了二者间的失衡。欲使法益的天平回归平衡,须加重自由法益一端的砝码或是减轻秩序法益一端的砝码,刑法谦抑主义正是后者。由此看来,刑法从立法到修正实质上是立法者在秩序与自由这两种法益价值上的选择过程,而法益平衡则是选择的最优解。

The process from legislation to revision of the Criminal Law is not single linear,but bilinear,in which two different legal benefit values intersperse,influence and game with each other.The amendment of the Criminal Law is carried out between the two values,that is,order and freedom.The core is how to balance the order protection value and the human rights protection value.The two values are inherently in a state of natural imbalance,which is intensified in the risky society with activated legislation era and strong instrumentalism of the Criminal Law.It is necessary to increase the weight of freedom or reduce the weight of order so as to achieve the balance.Modesty of criminal law is helpful to realizing the reduction.From this point of view,the revision of the Criminal Law from legislation to amendment is essentially a process of choice by legislators in terms of order and freedom,and the balance of legal interests is the optimal solution.