基于人工蜂群算法的预制件厂平面布局优化

Plane Layout Optimization of Precast Component Factory Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

装配式建筑是由预制构件在工地装配而成的一种新型建筑,其中构件生产是其建造过程中的一个重要环节。对于预制构件制造企业而言,其工厂内部的设施布局情况会直接影响到构件生产过程的效率和质量。针对以往预制件厂依靠人工经验为主进行布局而导致的物料总搬运路线过长、生产作业单元布局不合理等问题,本文首先以物料总搬运距离最小和布局面积利用率最大为优化目标,建立预制件厂平面布局优化模型;其次,选择人工蜂群算法对模型进行求解。在初始解生成阶段,运用SLP方法获得初始布局作为部分初始种群,增加了种群的多样性。在引领蜂阶段,结合所研究的问题设计了移动、转向、交换三种算子进行邻域搜索。在追随蜂阶段融入精英策略进行更新;最后以某预制件厂的平面布局问题为例检验模型和算法的适用性。

Prefabricated building is a new type of building which is assembled by prefabricated components on site, and the component production is of great importance in its construction process. For the manufacturingenterpriseof prefabricated components, the layoutofthefacility inside the factory will directly affect theefficiency and quality of the component production process. Manual experiences on the layout of prefabricated components factory may result in several problems, such as the material handling route is always too long and the unreasonable layout of production and operation units. Firstly, a two-objective optimization model which can minimize the total material handling distance and maximize the utilization rate of layout area is established. Secondly, the artificial bee colony algorithm is used to solve the problem. In the initial solution generation stage, the initial layout scheme of the factory is obtained by using SLP method and taken as an initial solution of the initial population, so as to increase the rationality of the initial population. In the stage of leading bees, three operators of moving, changing direction and switching are designed to search the neighborhood, and the following bees are updated with elite strategy in the following bee stage. Finally, the validity and rationality of the model and algorithm are verified by taking a prefabricated components factory as an example.