回溯性建构与拉康精神分析的伦理指归

Rétroactivemen and Ethical Purpose of Lacanian Psychoanalysis

回溯性建构是理解拉康的一个关键概念,也是明确拉康伦理目的的必经之途。拉康以"返回弗洛伊德"回溯并确立了其精神分析学中无意识主体的核心地位,再通过回溯母婴同体的原初状态与镜像阶段,建构主体个人史,阐述了主体的永恒匮乏之本质与主体对于幻象的误认过程。为使主体能够抵抗他者欲望对自身的异化与过度消耗,拉康回溯建构了能指与所指理论,拆解了西方传统伦理之善与恶的一体两面,同时强调引入他者的作用。拉康对回溯性建构的应用,显示了其主体性哲学的任务就是要通过揭开主体的存在秘密,使之承担自己的无意识,其精神分析伦理指向的核心始终是主体的恢复。

Rétroactivement is a key concept for understanding of Lacan’s theory and also the necessary way to identify the ethical purpose of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Starting with return to Freud, Lacan retroactively constructs and confirmed the core status of the unconscious subject in psychoanalysis, and also retroactively constructs subject’s personal history of the mirror stage and mother-infant consubstantiality as the initial state, to expound the essence of the eternal lack of the subject and the process of the subject’s misidentification with the fantasy. In order to help the subject to resist the alienation and excessive consumption by the desire of others, Lacan retroactively develops the theory of signifier and signified, disintegrates both sides of good and evil in the traditional western ethics, and emphasizes the importance of other’s involvement. Lacan’s application of Rétroactivemen shows that the purpose of his subjective philosophy is to make the subject responsible for its own unconscious by revealing the secret of man’s subjective existence, and the core point of his psychoanalysis ethics always is the restoration of the subject.