深松模式对吉林省西部玉米田土壤物理特性的影响

Effects of Subsoiling Pattern on Soil Physical Properties of Maize Fields in Western Jilin Province

针对东北平原西部地区土壤耕层浅薄、犁底层紧实、通透性变差等问题,为改善区域农田土壤结构,提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,提升农田土地生产力、农民增产增收,试验设置免耕、行间深松、行上深松和行间行上深松4个处理,在吉林省西部半干旱区开展深松模式对土壤物理特性和玉米产量的影响研究。结果表明,与免耕相比,深松可显著降低0~40 cm土层土壤容重,且以行间行上深松效果最好,土壤容重平均降低0.17 g/cm^(3)。土壤总孔隙度和含水量表现出增加的趋势,其中行间深松、行上深松和行间行上深松分别比对照免耕增加8.3%、9.6%、15.5%和9.78%、10.83%、14.65%,且深松较免耕土壤宜耕层下移较明显,两年分别下移17.5 cm和5~15 cm。深松后,玉米经济产量及构成因素和经济效益也呈同步增加趋势。结合经济效益和产投比,行上深松是吉林省西部玉米田的适宜的深松模式之一。

In view of the west of northeast plain region soil arable layer shallow, the plough, tight, and poor permeability change problem, to improve regional farmland soil structure, raise soil water storage ability to keep moisture, improve land productivity of farmland and farmers increase production, half arid areas in western Jilin province has carried out subsoiling patterns on soil physical properties and the effects of maize yield research. Four treatments including no-tillage, subsoiling between planting rows, subsoiling on planting rows, and subsoiling between planting rows and on planting rows were set up in the experiment. The results showed that, compared with no-tillage, subsoiling could significantly reduce the soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer, and subsoiling between planting rows and on planting rows had the best effect, with soil bulk density decreasing by 0.17 g/cm^(3) on average. The total porosity and water content of the soil also showed similar trends, among which subsoiling between planting rows,on planting rows, and on planting rows increased by 8.3%, 9.6%, 15.5%, 9.78%, 10.83%, and 14.65%, respectively,compared with the control no-tillage. Moreover, subsoiling was more obvious than the no-tillage soil to move down,17.5 cm and 5-15 cm, respectively, in two years. Moreover, after subsoiling the economic yield, components and economic benefits of maize also showed a trend of synchronous increase. Combined with economic benefits and yield/investment, subsoiling on planting lines is one of the suitable deep tillage patterns in western corn fields of Jilin province.