农户玉米生产技术效率及影响因素研究——基于黑龙江省农村固定观察点数据

Research on Technical Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Farmers’ Corn Production——Based on Data from Fixed Observation Points in Rural Areas of Heilongjiang Province

当前我国粮食安全面临诸多挑战,持续提升农户玉米生产技术效率有利于释放生产潜力、提升玉米产量。以黑龙江省玉米种植农户为研究对象,采用随机前沿模型测度农户玉米生产技术效率,使用技术效率损失模型确定技术效率影响因素。结果表明,样本农户玉米生产平均技术效率0.878 7,在6.67 hm^(2)以内经营规模与技术效率呈倒"U"型关系,是否转入农地经营对技术效率有负向影响;农户劳动力规模、全年总收入等6个因素对技术效率有正向影响,化肥和除草剂投入量对技术效率近乎无影响。提出引导农户适度规模经营,推进化肥除草剂减量化施用和强化对农业的支持等政策建议。

At present, China′s food security faces many challenges. Continuously improving the technical efficiency of farmers′ corn production is conducive to release the productive potential and increasing the yield of corn.Taking corn farmers in Heilongjiang province as the research object, the stochastic frontier model was used to measure the technical efficiency of farmers in corn production, and the technical efficiency loss model was used to determine the influencing factors of technical efficiency. The results showed that the average technical efficiency of maize production was 0.878 7. There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the scale of operation and technical efficiency within 6.67 ha, and whether the operation is transferred to agricultural land has a negative impact on technical efficiency. Six factors such as the scale of peasant labor force and the total income of the whole year have a positive effect on technical efficiency. Fertilizer and herbicide input had little effect on technical efficiency. Three policy suggestions were put forward to guide farmers to operate on a moderate scale, to promote the reduction of fertilizer and herbicide application and to strengthen the support for agriculture.