中国航天科技发展对高性能材料的需求

Demand for high performance materials in development of China’s aerospace science and technology

随着我国月球取样返回、火星探测的开展以及空间站建设的推进,航天任务的发展对高性能材料提出了新的要求。本文在对我国航天发展现状和趋势进行简要分析的基础上,从轻质高性能结构机构材料、轻质高效热防护材料、结构功能一体化材料、新型多功能复合防护材料、耐极端温度功能材料、智能材料、高性能航天服材料、功能梯度材料、超材料、3D打印材料及4D打印材料与结构等角度论述了我国航天科技发展对高性能材料的需求,最后提出了利用纳米技术、材料基因工程等新技术,并将空间环境纳入航天材料的研制全流程中,进一步开展航天材料的研制和开发。

With the success of bringing back lunar samples, Mars exploration and space station construction, new requirements for high performance materials were put forward with the devel-opment of China’s new space missions. Based on the analysis of the current situation and trend of China’s aerospace development, some demands for high performance materials such as lightweight high performance structural materials, lightweight high efficiency thermal protection materials, structural & functional integration materials, new multifunctional composite protective materials, extreme temperature resistant functional materials, intelligent materials, high performance spacesuit materials, functional gradient materials, meta-materials, 3 D printing materials and 4 D printing materials were analyzed. Finally, nanotechnology, material genetic engineering and other new technologies were put forward to incorporate the space environment into the whole process of aerospace materials development and to further carry out the research and development of aerospace materials.