思想政治教育过程中主客体关系探析——基于人的需要的劳动异化、对象化的理论分析

An Analysis of the Relationship between Subject and Object in the Process of Ideological and Political Education——A Theoretical Analysis of Labor Alienation and Objectification Based on Human Needs

研究思想政治教育过程中的主客体关系有“单主体论”“双主体论”及“主体间性论”三大主流观点。“单主体论”过分地强调了思想政治教育过程中教育者的主导性;“双主体论”提出双“主体”后又执着于谁在起主导作用,从而画蛇添足;“主体间性论”力求解决教育者与受教育者的主客体关系之间的矛盾,但却未能超脱“主客体二元论”思维。结合《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的劳动对象化、异化劳动以及人的需要理论,可以更深刻地辨析教育者、受教育者地位及主客体关系,最终回归马克思主义,辩证地考察思想政治教育过程中的主客体关系,科学建构思想政治教育过程中的主客体关系研究的方法。

There are three mainstream viewpoints in studying the relationship between subject and object in the process of ideological and political education,i.e.“Single Subject Theory”,“Dual Subjects Theory”and“Intersubjectivity Theory”.The“Single Subject Theory”exaggerates the dominance of educators in the process of ideological and political education;the“Dual Subjects Theory”puts forward the dual“subjects”and then obseseses about who plays the leading role,so as to gild the lily;the“Intersubjectivity Theory”seeks to resolve the contradiction in the subject-object relationship between the educator and the educated,but it fails to transcend the“subject-object dualism”thinking.Combining the theory of objectification of labor,alienation of labor,and human needs in“The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844”,it is possible to distinguish more profoundly the statuses of educators and educatees,and the relationship between subject and object.The research hopes to return to Marxism,to dialectically examine and scientifically construct the relationship between subject and object in the process of ideological and political education.