基于保护动机理论的健康教育在新冠肺炎医学观察人员中的应用

The application of health education based on protective motivation theory in covid-19 medical observers

目的探讨保护动机理论的健康教育在新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)医学观察人员中的应用效果。方法便利抽样法选取2020年2月—5月新冠肺炎密切接触者、疫地返乡人员、结束抗疫任务的医护人员、确诊病例出院患者等集中隔离医学观察人员809例,基于保护动机理论的健康教育,根据疫情防控要求设计集中隔离防护知信行调查问卷,对比实施健康教育前后的效果。结果广东省、四川省、湖南省、福建省共8个集中隔离点医学观察人员实施健康教育干预前后,疫情防控知识知晓程度、信念态度及行为依从性、健康状况比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运用保护动机理论对新冠肺炎医学观察人员进行健康教育,能增强其保护动机与健康信念,促进其建立健康行为,提高新冠肺炎知识水平,并做好自身防护。

Objective To explore the application effect of health education of protective motivation theory in COVID-19(COVID-19 for short)medical observers.Methods 809 medical observers in centralized quarantine in Covid-19 from February to May,2020 were selected by convenient sampling method,including close contacts,returnees from epidemic areas,medical staff who finished anti-epidemic tasks,and discharged patients with confirmed cases.Health education was given based on the theory of protection motivation.A questionnaire about knowledge,attitude and practice of centralized isolation protection was designed according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control,and the effects before and after the implementation of health education were compared.Results Before and after the implementation of health education intervention,the degree of knowledge of epidemic prevention and control,the compliance of beliefs,attitudes and behaviors,and the health status of medical observers in 8 centralized isolation sites in Guangdong,Sichuan,Hunan and Fujian provinces were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Using the theory of protective motivation to carry out health education for medical observers of new crown pneumonia can enhance their protective motivation and health belief,promote their establishment of health behavior,improve their knowledge level of new crown pneumonia,and do a good job of self-protection.