基于信任的双层可拓展共识协议

Trust-based Dual-layer Scalable Consensus Protocol

共识机制作为区块链技术的核心,决定了区块链系统的性能、可拓展性和安全性。针对当前区块链的性能、可拓展性问题以及维护系统安全所采用的激励机制成本高的问题,提出一种基于信任的双层可拓展共识协议(Trust-based Dual-layer Scalable Consensus Protocol,TDSCP)。首先,通过结构化网络设计了双层协同的信任模型和共识算法,其中,信任模型根据节点信任值决定其能否获得生成区块的权利,避免了高昂的挖矿代价;其次,通过分区内双层共识算法提高共识效率,拓展了参与共识的节点数量,避免了系统中心化问题;最后,结合可验证随机函数和多级图划分算法对节点进行分区,可有效防止恶意节点聚集,减少跨分区交易的数量。实验结果表明,TDSCP提高了区块链系统的可拓展性,其分区内算法共识时延较低,且分区方法明显减少了跨分区交易的数量。

As the core of blockchain technology,consensus mechanism determines the performance,scalability,and security of blockchain systems.Aiming at the performance and scalability issues of current blockchains and the high cost of the incentives used to maintain the security of the systems,a trust-based dual-layer scalable consensus protocol(TDSCP)is proposed.First,the trust model and consensus algorithm of dual-layer cooperation are designed through a structured network.The trust model determines whether a node gets the right to generate blocks based on its trustworthiness to avoid the high cost of mining.Secondly,the dual-layer consensus algorithm within the partitions improves consensus efficiency,expands the number of nodes involved in consensus,and avoids the problem of system centralization.Finally,the verifiable random function and the multilevel graph partitioning algorithm are combined for partitioning nodes,which can effectively prevent malicious nodes from gathering and reduce the number of cross-partition transactions.The experimental results show that TDSCP improves the scalability of the blockchain system,the latency of its intra-partition algorithm consensus is lower,and the partition method significantly reduces the number of cross-partition transactions.