大学生五体球比赛运动负荷量化研究

Quantifying the Match Load of Collegiate Wuti Ball League

五体球是一项集足球和篮球玩法于一体的新型球类运动,因其较高的场地利用率和观赏性而具备广阔的推广前景,目前广东省已成功举办4届大学生五体球联赛。采取心率监测系统和GPS全球定位系统对51名大学生运动员在第三届大学生五体球联赛中7场比赛的心率数据与跑动相关数据进行监测,用以量化评估五体球比赛运动负荷特征,并采用数据级数推断法对比了不同阶段比赛负荷的差异性。结果显示:(1)运动员比赛平均心率为(164.5±13.4)次/分钟,约占最大心率的82.5%±6.9%,在比赛时间内运动员每分钟跑动(67.6±14.0)m,其中低强度跑动(速度<12 km/h)距离约占93.1%,高强度跑动(速度≥15km/h)距离仅占2.1%,最大跑动速度为(18.4±3.8)km/h;(2)五体球联赛省赛阶段的平均心率占最大心率百分比、跑动总距离、加速度负荷、中低强度加速和减速次数、中高强度变向次数、身体冲撞次数和爆发性活动次数皆清晰高于市赛,而最大跑动速度和冲刺跑距离占比则清晰低于市赛(ES为0.95~1.12,可能性75%~95%)。研究结果说明大学生五体球比赛的总体比赛负荷要低于足球和篮球,加速、急停和变向等灵敏性素质是区分五体球比赛水平的显著性指标。

Wuti ball is a new type of ball game integrating football and basketball.It has great promotion prospects because it's a popular spectator sport with high field utilization.Up to now,Guangdong Province has successfully held four seasons of the Collegiate Wuti Ball League.In this study,the heart rate monitoring system and the global positioning system were applied to monitoring the heart rate data and running data of 51 collegiate students in 7 Wuti ball matches.The Magnitude-based Inference was used to compare the differences of the match load in different competition stages.Results showed that:(1)The average heart rate of athletes was(164.5±13.4)beats/min,which accounted for 82.5%±6.9%of the maximum heart rate.During the match time,athletes ran(67.6±14)m/min,in which low-intensity running(speed<12km/h)occupied 93.1%,while high-intensity running(speed≥15km/h)only accounted for 2.1%.The maximum running speed in match was(18.4±3.8)km/h.(2)Mean heart rate out of the percentage of the maximum heart rate,total distance covered,player load,efforts of low and medium intensity acceleration and deceleration,efforts of medium and high intensity change of directions,the number of impacts and the number of explosive activities at the provincial stage(knock-out stage) were all clearly higher than those at the municipal stage (qualification stage). While the maximum running speed and sprint distance were clearly lower (ES: 0.95~1.12, possibility: 75%~95%). These results showed that the overall match load of collegiate Wuti ball is lower than that of football and basketball games. Acceleration, deceleration and change of directions are significant indicators to distinguish the level of Wuti ball matches.