青年篮球运动员变向能力与直线速度、力量、爆发力的相关研究

Correlation between Change-of-direction Performance and Linear Speed,Strength and Power in Youth Basketball Players

本文旨在研究青年篮球运动员变向能力与直线速度、力量和爆发力之间的相关性以及性别差异。方法:本研究对31名青年篮球运动员(男子17名,女子14名)进行传统5-0-5变向测试和20 m冲刺、深蹲最大力量、垂直纵跳、助跑摸高等测试,并计算变向赤字。结果:男子篮球运动员变向赤字占比显著高于女子篮球运动员;男子、女子篮球运动员5-0-5测试时间与变向赤字均呈正相关;男子篮球运动员5-0-5测试时间、变向赤字与体重呈正相关,与深蹲体重比、垂直纵跳及助跑摸高净高度呈负相关;女子篮球运动员5-0-5左侧测试时间与垂直纵跳及助跑摸高净高度呈负相关,5-0-5左侧变向赤字与助跑摸高净高度呈负相关。结论:青年男子篮球运动员变向能力与体重呈正相关,与下肢相对力量、下肢爆发力呈负相关,而青年女子篮球运动员变向能力仅与下肢爆发力呈负相关,且呈现出左右侧肢体差异。此外,对于青年男子篮球运动员来说,仅用5-0-5测试可能无法准确评价其变向能力,推荐使用变向赤字作为其变向能力的评价方法;对青年女子篮球运动员来说,5-0-5测试与变向赤字均可以作为其变向能力的评价方法。

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between change-of-direction(COD)performance and linear speed,strength and power in youth basketball players and gender differences.Methods:In the current study,31 youth basketball players(17 males and 14 females)were recruited and completed the 5-0-5 test and 20-meter sprint,one-repetition maximum(1RM)back squat,vertical jump,and approach jump tests.The COD deficit was also calculated.Results:The youth male basketball players'ratio between COD deficit and 5-0-5 completion time was significantly higher than that of the youth female basketball players;the 5-0-5 completion time of youth male and female basketball players were correlated with the COD deficit;Youth male basketball players'5-0-5 completion time and COD deficit were positively correlated with body mass,and negatively correlated with relative 1RM back squat,vertical jump and approach jump height;the 5-0-5L test of female basketball players is negatively correlated with the vertical jump and approach jump height,5-0-5 left COD deficit was negatively correlated with the approach jump height.Conclusion:Youth male basketball players'COD performance was positively correlated with body mass and negatively correlated with lower limb strength and power.Youth female basketball players'COD performance was negatively correlated with lower limb power and exhibited limb asymmetry.Meanwhile,the 5-0-5 test alone was not sufficient to evaluate the COD performance for youth male basketball players;COD deficit is recommended.In contrast,both the 5-0-5 test and COD deficit can evaluate the COD performance for youth female basketball players.