技术保障与规则建构:区块链视域下的电子证据适用

Technical Guarantee and Rules Construction:Application of Electronic Evidence from the Perspective of Block Chain

传统电子证据所具有的技术依赖性,致其在司法适用中面临真实性认定难题,司法采信度较低。区块链具备分布式存储、去中心化特征,与电子证据的系统可靠性需求恰相吻合,可以作为电子证据的适宜载体。新时代互联网法院的区块链存证实践表明,区块链存证可缓解电子证据原件困局,跨越传统中心化存证方式所存在的数据易篡改、难认定障碍,实现司法对电子证据的直接触达。然而,让区块链存证在司法实践中普及开来,更需要的是规则以及司法理念的更新。对此,可以数据流转的空间、时间、主体的三维视角,架构区块链电子证据的司法适用图景。以联盟链作为存证载体,区分不同的区块链存证时间以制定审查规则,对于入链前电子证据,基于不同存证主体定制针对性的辅助认定规则。

The technical dependence of traditional electronic evidence makes it face the difficulty of authenticity identification in judicial application,and the judicial acceptance reliability is low.Block chain has the characteristics of distributed storage and decentralization,which is exactly in line with the system reliability requirements of electronic evidence and can be used as an appropriate carrier of electronic evidence.The practice of the New Era Internet court’s evidence storage of block chain shows that block-chain evidence storage can alleviate the dilemma of the original electronic evidence.It also can overcome the obstacles of tampering with data easily and identifying difficulty which exist in the traditional centralized evidence storage,and can realize the direct judicial access to electronic evidence.However,for block-chain storage to be popularized in judicial practice,it is more necessary to update rules and judicial concepts.In this regard,the three-dimensional perspective of space,time and subject of data flow can be used to construct the judicial application prospect of electronic evidence of block chain.The consortium block-chain is used as the carrier of evidence storage,and different time of block chain storage should be distinguished to formulate review rules.For the electronic evidence before entering the chain,the targeted auxiliary identification rules are customized based on different depository subjects of evidence.