中小学学业负担的增生机理与根治之道——兼论“双减”政策的限度与增能

Studying Burden’s Increasing Mechanism and Radical Control Path in Basici Schools

减负政策的背后是学业负担观的隐身存在。我国历史上出现了三种典型的学业负担观,即教学失调观、竞争效应观与病毒入侵观,受此影响,"减负"工作经历了三个阶段:教改式减负、清单式减负与根源式减负阶段。中小学学业负担发生的实质是一种病态教育观念或学业负担观念病毒的持续复制、恣意传染。学业负担病毒的增生机理是:教育文化中蛰伏的学业负担病毒被功利化教育心态激活,并在培训机构、教辅机构等推波助澜下走向全面爆发。"双减"政策具有其效能局限性,"持续增能、修复生态"是后续完善思路,其根治之道是:构建教育系统的免疫屏障,修复健康的教育生态系统,重视教育文化的净化与进化以及增加有深度的减负政策供给。

It is studying burden ideas that exists behind the studying burden alleviation policies.In China history,there are three kinds of studying burden views,that is,teaching chaos view,competition effect view and virus infection view.Thus,burden alleviation work goes through three stages in our country,namely alleviation by teaching reform,by checklist,and by outroot.The essence of studying burden in basic schools should be a kind of studying burden idea that is replicating continuously and infecting unscrupulously.The increasing mechanism of studying burden virus is like this,starting from studying burden virus hidden in educational culture and activate by utilitarian mentalities,adding fuel to the fire by training agencies and teaching institutions,then finally breaking on a full scale.Double Alleviation Policy has its own efficacy limitations.Consequently its follow-up improvement approaches are to add energy and repair ecological educational system.In future it is the idea path to radical cure for studying load,that is,building up educational immunologic barrier,repairing educational ecosystem,attaching importance to educational culture’s purification and evolution,and adding more deep policies.