近20年城市生态系统服务发展态势分析

The development trend of urban ecosystem services in the recent 20 years

城市生态系统服务是维持和提高人类福祉、实现城市可持续发展的基本条件。采用文献计量学和科学知识图谱,基于Web of Science核心合集和中国知网数据库,梳理比较了2002-2019年城市生态系统服务的国内外研究主题及其演变路径。结果表明:在此期间,国内外城市生态系统服务研究呈上升趋势,美国和中国两国发文量占比最高,各机构间合作度较高、跨国交流较活跃。国际上城市生态系统服务研究中,生物多样性成为最大关键词网络节点,城市中的环境影响、景观视角下绿色空间、土地利用的保护与管理以及气候变化对城市生态系统服务影响亦是热点。国内研究则更加关注生态系统服务的价值评估,并在风景园林和城市绿地的融合、城市化或城市群发展过程中的土地利用和生态安全格局方面形成中国特色。近20年来,国际上研究热点演化表现为:城市中的生态学-城市的管理-生物多样性与调节服务-文化服务与人类福祉;国内方面则经历从城市森林-生态用地与生态城市-城市或城市群生态安全格局演变过程,而气候变化对城市生态系统服务影响方面的研究相对有限。城市生态系统服务研究存在问题包括:城市生态系统服务与人类福祉作用机理认知不足、评估结果的准确性较低及其实际应用受限、生态系统文化服务量化和不利服务的研究滞后;基于多学科整合的理论框架和方法论亟待突破。最终在此基础上提出未来深入探索的5大重点领域。

Urban ecosystem services are the basic requirements for maintaining and improving human well-being and achieving urban sustainable development.Adopting the CiteSpace econometric analysis visualization software,based on the WOS(Web of Science)Core Collection and CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure)databases,this paper systematically illustrated and compared the theme and its development of urban ecosystem services at home and abroad from 2002 to 2019.The result shows that the researches at home and abroad on urban ecosystem services have been on the rise with America and China being the top 2 countries as for the publication of theses,and the institutions have cooperated with each other more and more closely with cross-state communication becoming quite active.For the international researches on urban ecosystem services,the biological diversity is the biggest node in the keyword network.Moreover,the related researches also focus on the environmental impact in cities,the green space from the perspective of landscape,the protection and management of land use and the impact of climate change on urban ecosystem services.For the domestic researches,more attentions are paid to the evaluation of ecosystem services.Moreover,the related researches feature in the integration of landscape architecture and urban green land,the land use in the development of urbanization or urban agglomeration,the pattern of ecological security.In the recent 20 years,the international research focuses have changed from the ecology in cities,urban management,ecological diversity and regulating services to cultural services and human well-being;the domestic research focuses have changed from urban forestry,ecological land use and ecocities to the development of the ecological security pattern of cities or urban agglomeration,but the researches on the impact of the climate change on urban ecosystem services are relatively limited.The problems of the current researches on urban ecosystem services are as follows:the inadequate knowledge of the interplay between urban ecosystem services and human well-being,the low accuracy of evaluation results and their limited application in reality,the inadequate researches on the quantization of cultural ecosystem services and disservices.More breakthrough could be made by the multidisciplinary theoretical framework and methodology,based on which the current study points out that five key fields might be further studied in future researches.