某高校大学生自杀意念4年追踪研究

A 4-year follow-up study on suicidal ideation of college students in one university

目的探究大学生自杀意念的动态发展变化,为自杀意念的早期预防和干预提供依据。方法整群抽取江苏某高校5372名大学生为研究对象,使用《中国大学生心理健康筛查量表》中的自杀意图指标进行4年(2016—2019年)追踪调查。结果第1至第4次(T1~T4)调查大学生自杀意念的检出率分别为4.36%,8.99%,7.32%和5.90%,呈现“先升后降”的趋势,T2阶段是拐点,且变化的趋势差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。T1阶段女生自杀意念的检出率高于男生(χ^(2)=10.55,P<0.01)。T1~T2阶段,男生自杀意念检出率的上升速度高于女生,T4阶段男生的检出率超过女生。大城市学生T1~T4阶段自杀意念检出率均高于中小城市、城镇和农村学生,T4阶段差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32.11,P<0.01)。列联表分析发现,前后两个阶段同时有自杀意念的比例在18.63%~35.04%(P值均<0.01);前一个阶段没有自杀意念,后一个阶段有自杀意念的比例在4.48%~7.80%(P值均<0.01)。T1~T4阶段都有自杀意念的11人,占总人数的0.20%,占有自杀意念人数的4.70%。结论高校要对自杀意念的重要时段、重点群体做好预防和干预工作,通过多种途径掌握学生的动态信息。

Objective To explore the dynamic changes of suicidal ideation in college students,and to provide evidence for the early prevention and intervention of suicidal ideation.Methods A cluster sampling of 5372 college students from one university in Jiangsu was selected and followed up for four years(2016—2019)using the College Students Mental Health Screening Scale.Results The detection rates of suicidal ideation among college students in the first to four(T1-T4)stages were 4.36%,8.99%,7.32%,and 5.90%,respectively,showing decreasing after increasing trend.Stage T2 was the turning point,and the trend of change was significantly different(P<0.01).The detection rate of suicidal ideation of girls in T1 stage was significantly higher than that of boys(χ^(2)=10.55,P<0.01).In the T1-T2 stages,the rate of suicidal idea detection among boys increased faster than that of girls,and the rate of boys in T4 stage surpassed that of girls.The detection rate of suicidal ideation in T1-T4 stage of students in big cities was higher than that of students in small and medium-sized cities,towns and rural areas,and the difference in stage T4 was very significant(χ^(2)=32.11,P<0.01).The contingency table analysis found that the proportion of suicidal ideation at the same time in the two stages before and after was between 18.63%-35.04%(P<0.01).There was no suicidal ideation in the previous stage,and the proportion of suicidal ideation in the latter stage was between 4.48%-7.80%(P<0.01).There were 11 participants who had suicidal ideation in the T1-T4 stages,accounting for 0.20%of the total number,and 4.70%of the suicidal ideation number.Conclusion Colleges and universities should pay more attention to suicidal ideation prevention for vulnerable groups in important periods,and grasp the dynamic information of students through a variety of ways.