IgA肾病免疫发病机制研究新进展

New progress in the study of immune pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy

IgA肾病是一类肾小球系膜区以IgA弥漫性沉积为特征的系膜增生性肾小球肾炎。主要表现为半乳糖缺陷型IgA1免疫复合物沉积于肾小球系膜区,继而诱发系膜细胞增殖、分泌各种炎性因子及趋化因子介导肾小球炎症损伤。由于IgA肾病的发病机制与免疫反应密切相关且至今尚未完全阐明,本文分别从IgA1的异常糖基化、黏膜淋巴组织、B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞以及补体系统在IgA肾病发病机制领域的近年研究进行综述,希望在此基础上能够对进一步揭示IgA肾病的发病机制有所帮助,进而对IgA肾病的治疗方案提供新的靶点。

IgA nephropathy is a kind of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN)characterized by diffuse deposition of IgA in mesangial area.The main manifestation is the deposition of immune complex with galactose-deficient IgA 1 in glomerular mesangial area,which then induces the proliferation of mesangial cells,secretion of various inflammatory factors and chemokine-mediated glomerular inflammatory injury.The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy is closely related to immune response,which has not been fully elucidated so far.This article reviewed the recent studies on the pathogenesis of IgA 1 abnormal glycosylation,mucosal lymphoid tissue,B lymphocytes,T lymphocytes and complement system in the field of IgA nephropathy,hoping to further reveal the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and provide a new target for the treatment of IgA nephropathy.