成都社区老年人睡眠质量影响因素及护理策略

Influencing factors and nursing strategies of sleep quality of the elderly in Chengdu community

目的探讨成都社区老年人睡眠质量的影响因素并提出相应护理策略。方法2021年1月—6月,采用方便抽样法选取成都市4个社区的老年人。使用一般资料问卷、人际关系综合诊断量表(Interpersonal Relationship Integrative Diagnostic Scale,IRIDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)对纳入的社区老年人进行调查分析,并采用多重线性逐步回归分析影响老年人睡眠质量的因素。结果共调查232人,最终纳入211人。老年人的PSQI总分与人际交谈困扰得分(r=0.297,P<0.05)、待人接物困扰得分(r=0.208,P<0.05)均呈正相关。多重线性逐步回归分析结果显示,体育锻炼、月支配金额、受教育程度及人际关系困扰的4个维度均是老年人睡眠质量的主要影响因素。结论本研究中的社区老年人睡眠质量较好,体育锻炼、月支配金额、受教育程度、人际关系困扰的4个维度均为影响老年人睡眠质量的重要因素。社区护理人员应增加对老年人睡眠质量的关注,针对导致睡眠障碍的相关因素提出改善措施,鼓励老年人进行体育锻炼,为有人际关系方面有困扰的老年人提供心理咨询及人际交往技巧咨询,帮助扩大老年人交流平台,提升社区老年人的睡眠质量。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of sleep quality of the elderly in Chengdu community and put forward corresponding nursing strategies.Methods The elderly in four communities in Chengdu were selected by convenient sampling method from January to June 2021.The elderly in the community were investigated and analyzed by general information questionnaire,Interpersonal Relationship Integrative Diagnostic Scale(IRIDS)and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI).Multiple linear stepwise regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the sleep quality of the elderly.Results A total of 232 elderly were investigated and 211 were finally included.The total score of PSQI in the elderly was positively correlated with the score of interpersonal conversation disturbance(r=0.297,P<0.05)and the score of treating people disturbance(r=0.208,P<0.05).The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that physical exercise,monthly amount of money,education and four dimensions of interpersonal troubles were the main influencing factors of sleep quality in the elderly.Conclusions The community elderly in this study had better sleep quality.Physical exercise,monthly amount of money,education and four dimensions of interpersonal troubles were all important factors affecting the sleep quality of the elderly.Community nursing staff should pay more attention to the sleep quality of the elderly,put forward measures to improve the related factors leading to sleep disorders,encourage the elderly to take physical exercise.They should also provide psychological counseling and interpersonal communication skills for the elderly with interpersonal troubles and help expand the communication platform to improve sleep quality of the elderly in the community.