不同配方基质对观赏南瓜生长及品质的影响

Effects of Different Formula of Substrates on Growth and Quality of Ornamental Pumpkin

为筛选出观赏南瓜无土栽培的最佳基质配方,本试验以‘迷你贝贝’为材料,以菜园土为对照(CK),以椰糠、香菇菌渣、金针菇菌渣和黑木耳菌渣为栽培基质并按不同体积比将其配制成4种基质配方,研究不同配方基质的理化性质及其对观赏南瓜农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,配方C(椰糠∶香菇菌渣∶金针菇菌渣=1∶1∶1)的理化性质适宜作为观赏南瓜无土栽培的基质;配方C栽培的观赏南瓜在叶长、果实横径、果肉厚度、单果质量、单株果数和单产这6个指标上均显著高于其它3个配方(配方A、配方B和配方D),且与菜园土差异不显著,而在茎粗、叶柄粗、叶宽、叶柄长、果实纵径和果形指数上与其它3个配方差异不显著;配方C的还原糖含量略低于菜园土,粗纤维含量则略高于菜园土,而在淀粉、维生素C、蛋白质和β-胡萝卜素含量方面,配方C均高于菜园土,且均显著高于其它3个配方。综上所述,配方C为筛选出的观赏南瓜栽培最佳基质配方,理化性质适宜,能促进其生长发育和品质提高。

In order to screen out the optimum substrate formula for ornamental pumpkin soilless culture,the experiment took the Mini Beibei variety as material,the vegetable soil as CK,and coco coir,shiitake mushroom residue,enoki mushroom residue and black fungus residue as culture substrates.Four formulas were composed of these culture substrates at different volume ratios.The physical and chemical properties of the substrate formulas and their effects on agronomic traits,yield and quality of ornamental pumpkin were analyzed.The results showed that formula C composed of coco coir,shiitake mushroom residue and enoki mushroom residue at the ratio of 1∶1∶1 had suitable physical and chemical properties for soilless culture of ornamental pumpkin.Compared with the other three formulas,the formula C could significantly increase the leaf length,fruit diameter,fruit thickness,single fruit weight,fruit number of single plant and yield,which were not significantly different with the control,but there were no significant differences in stem diameter,petiole diameter,leaf width,petiole length,fruit length and fruit shape index.The reducing sugar content in formula C was slightly lower than that in vegetable soil,but the crude fiber content was slightly higher.Whereas,the contents of starch,vitamin C,protein and beta-carotene of ornamental pumpkin in formula C were higher than those in vegetable soil,and were significantly higher than those in the other three formulas.In conclusion,formula C was the optimum substrate formula with suitable physical and chemical properties,which could accelerate the growth,development and quality of ornamental pumpkin.