滴灌水氮耦合对不同类型土壤冬小麦产量构成及水肥利用的影响

Water and Nitrogen Coupling Effects under Drip Irrigation on Yield Components and Water and Fertilizer Utilization of Winter Wheat in Different Soil Types

为明确滴灌制度对胶东地区不同类型土壤冬小麦产量及水肥利用效率的影响,优化冬小麦滴灌水肥一体化高效栽培技术,推动冬小麦生产全程机械化进程,本试验于2018—2019年分别在潮土和砂姜黑土上,以济麦22为材料,采用测墒滴灌补灌追肥方式,设置低水低肥、低水中肥、低水高肥、中水低肥、中水中肥、中水高肥、传统模式共7个处理(分别记作T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、CK),研究不同水肥模式下冬小麦产量构成差异以及对水肥利用的影响。结果表明,潮土条件下,各滴灌水肥处理产量与传统模式(CK)间无明显差异,其中T3和T2处理产量较高,分别较CK提高4.8%、4.0%;砂姜黑土条件下,T5、T6、T1、T4、T2处理产量分别较CK提高25.7%、24.1%、22.5%、20.9%、17.6%,且差异显著。潮土条件下,T2和T3处理全生育期水分利用效率较高,二者显著高于CK及T4,而砂姜黑土条件下各滴灌处理间全生育期水分利用效率无显著差异,但均显著高于CK。两种类型土壤均为T1和T4处理氮肥偏生产力较高。综上,本试验条件下,潮土麦田推荐0~40 cm土层分别在拔节期和灌浆期测墒后补灌至田间持水量的75%和65%,每公顷施N 197.1 kg、P2O5135 kg、K2O 135 kg;砂姜黑土条件下,推荐0~40 cm土层分别在拔节期、灌浆期测墒补灌至田间持水量的80%和75%,每公顷施N 164.25 kg、P2O5112.5 kg、K2O 112.5 kg。

To clarify the impact of drip irrigation system on yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat in different soil types in Jiaodong area,optimize the high-efficiency cultivation technology with drip irrigation and fertilizer integration,and promote the mechanization process of winter wheat production,this experiment was carried out in the fields with fluvo-aquic soil and lime concretion black soil in 2018-2019.Jimai 22 was used as test material,and 7 treatments were set as low water and low fertilizer(T1),low water and medium fertilizer(T2),low water and high fertilizer(T3),medium water and low fertilizer(T4),medium water and medium fertilizer(T5),medium water and high fertilizer(T6)and traditional mode(CK).The differences in yield components and water and fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat were studied under different water and fertilizer modes.The results showed that in fluvo-aquic soil,there was no difference in yield between drip irrigation treatments and CK,and the yield of T3 and T2 treatments were higher and increased by 4.8%and 4.0%respectively compared with CK.In lime concretion black soil,the yield of T5,T6,T1,T4 and T2 increased by 25.7%,24.1%,22.5%,20.9%and 17.6%respectively compared with CK,and the differences were significant.In fluvo-aquic soil,the water use efficiency of T2 and T3 treatments in the whole growth period were significantly higher than that of CK and T4 treatments,while there were no significant differences among the drip irrigation treatments,but all were significantly higher than CK in lime concretion black soil.In the both soil types,the partial productivities of nitrogen fertilizer under T1 and T4 treatments were higher.In summary,under the test conditions,it was recommended that in 0~40-cm soil layer,the wheat field with fluvo-aquic soil should be irrigated to 75%and 65%of field water holding capacity at jointing stage and filling stage,and fertilized with N 197.1 kg,P2O5135 kg,K2O 135 kg per hectare(T3 treatment);while the wheat field with lime concretion black soil should be irrigated to 80%and 75%of the field water holding capacity at jointing stage and filling stage,and fertilized with N 164.25 kg,P2O5112.5 kg,K2O 112.5 kg per hectare(T5 treatment).