王阳明散曲初探

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON WANG YANG MING’S SANQU

王阳明以曲抒写个人生活,针砭时弊,其散曲呈现出锐利的情感倾向,在明中期曲坛中有着特殊的地位。王阳明现存两个套曲,分别是[南仙吕入双调·步步娇]《归隐》和[南仙吕·甘州歌]《恬退》。《归隐》大致创作于1519—1521年,由十一支曲子构成,内容主要是对朝廷奸宦乃至皇上的抨击批判,表露出作者对黑暗朝廷的愤懑不平;《恬退》的创作应早于《归隐》,由五支曲子构成,表现出作者有建功立业之志却遭受打击,流露出其归隐乡间的志趣与旷达的胸襟。这两个套曲以叹世归隐为主旋律,具有极强的现实指向性。

Wang Yang-ming used sanqu to describe his personal life and criticize the current situation.His sanqu showed a sharp emotional tendency and held a unique position in the music circle of the middle Ming Dynasty.Wang Yang-ming wrote two sets of sanqu,Guiyin and Tiantui.Written roughly between 1519 and 1521,Guiyin consists of eleven articles,mainly criticizing the court official and even the emperor,revealing the author’s anger and injustice towards the murky politics.The birth of Tiantui should be earlier than Guiyin.It is composed of five articles,showing the author’s ambition of making achievements but suffering a blow,showing his wish of seclusion and broad mind.These two sets of sanqu take seclusion as the main melody,showing a strong realistic orientation.