乡村振兴实现阶段的村庄主体性

Village Subjectivity in the Realization Stage of Rural Revitalization

乡村建设是乡村振兴的重点任务,发挥村庄主体性是有序推进乡村建设、实现乡村振兴的机制保障。基于一个中西部亮点村的个案考察,发现激活村庄主体性需要乡村建设实现从行政本位向村庄本位的逻辑转换。行政本位下,政府以呈现政绩为目标主导乡村建设,通过制度内激励、利益让渡、利益交换等策略整合村级组织、市场和社会资源打造政绩亮点,乡村建设因村庄参与形式化和回应农民需求能力弱化陷入供需错位、村际差距扩大化困境。村庄本位的发展逻辑则从“过程-结果”双重维度确立了村庄社会在乡村建设中的主体性地位,村庄、政府和市场主体基于优势互补结成“治理共同体”,通过需求表达机制、资源供给机制、民主协商机制实现协同参与和共建共治共享,既保障了村庄主体的参与权和受益权,也提高了乡村建设对乡村振兴的回应能力。

Rural construction is a key task of rural revitalization,and giving play to village subjectivity is the mechanism guarantee for orderly rural construction and rural revitalization.Based on a case study of a village in mid-west China,we found that activating the village subjectivity requires the rural construction to realize the logical transformation from administrative standard to village standard.Under the administrative standard,the government leads rural construction in a performance-oriented way,which is made through intra-system incentive,benefit transfers,interests exchange,so as to integrate village-level organizations,market and social resources and to make performance highlights.While the rural construction falls into plights such as supply and demand dislocation,the widening of gaps among villages because of villagers’formalized participation of and weak response to villagers.On the other hand,the development logic of village standard is to set up the subjectivity of villages from the dimensions of“process-result”in rural construction.Village,government,and the market form a“governance community”,making their respective advantages complementary to each other.In this way,through the demand expression mechanism,resource supply mechanism,and democratic consultation mechanism to achieve collaborative involvement and work sharing,which not only ensures the participation and benefit rights of village subjects,but also improves the capacity of rural construction to respond to rural revitalization.