面向电力交易分布式账本的改进共识算法研究

Research on improved consensus algorithm for power trading distributed ledger

为提升分布式账本存储效率,研究了当前典型共识算法机理,提出了一种面向电力交易分布式账本的改进共识算法。区块链技术已在电力交易领域得到广泛应用,特别是将其作为分布式账本用于交易数据存储时,能够有效解决市场主体的不信任问题。研究了当前典型的公式算法,包括工作量证明算法、权益证明算法、拜占庭容错算法等,对比了其安全性和处理效率等指标差异。基于电力市场交易数据存储实际需要,在实用拜占庭容错算法基础上,引入收集节点和信用分级,提出了一种改进共识算法。最后,在测试系统上对所提出改进共识算法的吞吐量和通信开销两项指标进行检验。结果显示改进算法与实用拜占庭容错算法相比,初始吞吐量即可达到改进前水平,随运行时间增长,吞吐量逐步增大,最终可达传统算法70%以上。同时改进算法通信开销随节点平稳增长,更符合电力市场交易分布式存储的实际需要。

In order to improve the efficiency of distributed book storage, the mechanism of current typical consensus algorithm is studied, and an improved consensus algorithm for distributed book storage is proposed. Blockchain technology has been widely used in the field of power transactions, especially when it is used as a distributed ledger for transaction data storage, which can effectively solve the problem of distrust among market players. The current typical formula algorithms, including Proof-of-Work(PoW) algorithm, Proof-of-Stake(PoS) algorithm, Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(BFT) algorithm, are studied. Besides, their differences in security and processing efficiency are compared. Based on the practical needs of electricity market transaction data storage, an improved consensus algorithm is proposed based on the practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT) algorithm, which introduces collection nodes and credit classification. Finally, the throughput and communication overhead of the proposed improved consensus algorithm are tested on the test system. The results show that compared with the Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm, the initial throughput of the improved algorithm can reach the improved level, and with the increase of running time, the throughput increases gradually, and finally reaches more than 70% of the traditional algorithm. At the same time, the communication cost of the improved algorithm increases steadily with the nodes, which is more suitable for the actual demand of transaction distributed storage in power market.